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Reunión de la comunidad microbiana y función metabólica durante la descomposición de cadáveres de mamíferos

Jessica L Metcalf¹, Zhenjiang Zech Xu², Sophie Weiss³

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA. robknight@ucsd.edu jessica.metcalf@colorado.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 15, 2015

Resumen

Las comunidades microbianas impulsan el ciclo de nutrientes durante la descomposición de los vertebrados. Este proceso reproducible, principalmente de los microbios del suelo, ayuda al ciclo del nitrógeno y ofrece información forense.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología
Biogeoquímica
Ecología

Sus antecedentes:

La descomposición de cadáveres de vertebrados es crucial para el ciclo de nutrientes en los ecosistemas terrestres.
Los procesos de descomposición mediados por microbios siguen siendo poco conocidos.
Comprender el conjunto de la comunidad microbiana es clave para el ciclo de nutrientes.

Objetivo del estudio:

Aclarar los principios que rigen el ensamblaje de la comunidad microbiana durante la descomposición de los vertebrados.
Caracterizar las comunidades microbianas y sus funciones metabólicas en la descomposición.
Evaluar la reproducibilidad de los procesos de descomposición para aplicaciones forenses.

Principales métodos:

Caracterización profunda de la comunidad microbiana (secuenciación del ADN).
Reconstrucción metabólica a nivel comunitario
Evaluación biogeoquímica del suelo.

Principales resultados:

Se han identificado los principales grupos de bacterias y hongos implicados en el ciclo del nitrógeno.
Observó una red reproducible de microbios descomponedores que emergen en escalas de tiempo predecibles.
Las comunidades de descomponedores provienen principalmente del suelo a granel, con miembros clave presentes en todas partes en baja abundancia.
El tipo de suelo tuvo un impacto mínimo en el desarrollo de la comunidad.

Conclusiones:

La descomposición microbiana de cadáveres de vertebrados es un proceso reproducible.
Esta reproducibilidad tiene implicaciones significativas para la ciencia forense.
El estudio proporciona una comprensión fundamental de las funciones microbianas en la descomposición y el ciclo de los nutrientes.