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Termorregulación perioperatoria y equilibrio térmico
1Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 18, 2016
Resumen
Los anestésicos generales afectan la termorregulación humana, lo que lleva a la hipotermia en los pacientes. El mantenimiento de la normotermia es crucial durante la anestesia para evitar complicaciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Fisiología
- Anestesiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La temperatura del cuerpo humano está estrictamente regulada.
- Las defensas termorreguladoras incluyen sudoración, vasoconstricción y temblores.
- La anestesia perjudica significativamente estos mecanismos termorreguladores.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para explicar el impacto de la anestesia en la termorregulación.
- Para resaltar los riesgos y complicaciones de la hipotermia perioperatoria.
- Hacer hincapié en la importancia del monitoreo de la temperatura central y la normotermia.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de los mecanismos fisiológicos de termorregulación.
- Análisis de los efectos de la anestesia general y neuraxial en la termorregulación.
- Discusión de los métodos para la medición de la temperatura corporal central.
Principales resultados:
- La anestesia reduce los umbrales de defensa termorreguladores, lo que lleva a la hipotermia (1-2°C).
- La hipotermia es el resultado de la redistribución del calor y la pérdida excesiva de calor.
- Las complicaciones incluyen coagulopatía, aumento de las infecciones y recuperación prolongada.
Conclusiones:
- La hipotermia perioperatoria es un riesgo significativo asociado con la anestesia.
- El monitoreo de la temperatura corporal central y el mantenimiento de la normotermia son cuidados estándar.
- La prevención de la hipotermia es esencial para la seguridad y los resultados del paciente.
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