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Las interacciones neuroinmunes impulsan la programación del tejido en los macrófagos intestinales

Ilana Gabanyi¹, Paul A Muller², Linda Feighery²

¹Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Avenue Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, University of São Paulo, 05508 270 São Paulo, Brazil.

|January 19, 2016

Resumen

Los macrófagos intestinales se especializan en función de la ubicación, y los macrófagos musculares (MM) adoptan funciones protectoras. La señalización neuroinmune activa rápidamente los MM durante la infección, mejorando la protección del tejido.

Área de la Ciencia:

Inmunología
La neurociencia
Gastroenterología

Sus antecedentes:

La homeostasis del tejido requiere adaptación a los cambios ambientales.
Las células inmunes en el intestino equilibran la resistencia y la tolerancia al patógeno.
Comprender la regulación de las células inmunes intestinales es crucial para la salud.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar cómo los microentornos intestinales regulan los macrófagos residentes.
Para identificar fenotipos de macrófagos especializados dentro del intestino.
Para explorar la comunicación neuro-inmune en la protección del tejido intestinal.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó técnicas avanzadas de imágenes.
Se utiliza el perfil transcripcional.
Se analizó la expresión génica en distintas poblaciones de macrófagos.

Principales resultados:

Los macrófagos muestran especialización de la expresión génica basada en la proximidad a la luz intestinal.
Los macrófagos de la lámina propia (LpM) exhiben un fenotipo proinflamatorio.
Los macrófagos musculares (MM) muestran un fenotipo protector del tejido, mejorado durante la infección a través de la señalización de la norepinefrina a través de los receptores adrenérgicos β2.

Conclusiones:

Los macrófagos exhiben una especialización intra-tejida única dentro del intestino.
La comunicación neuroinmune entre las neuronas entéricas y los macrófagos impulsa respuestas protectoras de tejido rápidas.
Esto pone de relieve un nuevo mecanismo para mantener la homeostasis intestinal durante las perturbaciones.

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