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Áreas protegidas y conservación mundial de las aves migratorias

Claire A Runge¹, James E M Watson², Stuart H M Butchart³

¹School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. claire.runge@uqconnect.edu.au.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 20, 2016

Resumen

Las áreas protegidas no cubren adecuadamente a las aves migratorias a lo largo de su ciclo anual, con solo el 9% protegidas adecuadamente en comparación con el 45% de las aves no migratorias. Los esfuerzos de conservación deben mejorar la coordinación y la inversión para la protección de las especies migratorias.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología
Biología de la conservación
Ornitología

Sus antecedentes:

Las especies migratorias dependen de sitios interconectados durante su ciclo anual.
La disminución de la población de aves migratorias está relacionada con hábitats críticos sin protección.
El estado de protección del ciclo anual completo de las especies migratorias es en gran medida desconocido.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar el alcance de la cobertura de las zonas protegidas para las aves migratorias en todas las etapas de su ciclo de vida.
Comparar los niveles de protección entre las especies de aves migratorias y no migratorias.
Identificar las lagunas en la planificación de la conservación de las especies migratorias.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de la cobertura de las zonas protegidas para 1451 especies de aves migratorias.
Comparación de la cobertura de las especies migratorias frente a las no migratorias.
Evaluación de la ubicación de las zonas protegidas en relación con los ciclos migratorios anuales.

Principales resultados:

Solo el 9% de las aves migratorias tienen una cobertura adecuada de áreas protegidas durante todo su ciclo anual.
Por el contrario, el 45% de las aves no migratorias están adecuadamente cubiertas.
Las áreas protegidas a menudo no están ubicadas estratégicamente para abarcar todo el ciclo migratorio.

Conclusiones:

Las actuales estrategias de conservación no protegen adecuadamente a las aves migratorias durante todo su ciclo anual.
La mejora de la coordinación internacional y las inversiones específicas son cruciales para la conservación efectiva de las especies migratorias.
Abordar los eslabones desprotegidos en las cadenas migratorias es esencial para revertir la disminución de la población.

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