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Nueva restricción de edad geológica y paleontológica para la división del linaje gorila-humano

Shigehiro Katoh¹, Yonas Beyene^2,3, Tetsumaru Itaya⁴

¹Division of Natural History, Hyogo Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Sanda 669-1546, Japan.

|February 12, 2016

Resumen

La nueva datación de los fósiles etíopes revela los orígenes de los simios y humanos africanos hace entre 9 y 7 millones de años. Los hallazgos apoyan la evolución in situ del clado humano-gorila en África.

Área de la Ciencia:

Palaeobiología
Geocronología
La evolución de los primates

Sus antecedentes:

El período entre hace 12 y 7 millones de años es crítico para entender los orígenes de los simios africanos y humanos.
La evidencia fósil de África subsahariana para este período es escasa.
La Formación Chorora en Etiopía fue previamente fechada hace ~10.5 millones de años, produciendo fósiles como Chororapithecus abyssinicus.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para fechar con precisión los sedimentos de la Formación Chorora y los fósiles asociados.
Para revisar la línea de tiempo para la división entre humanos y gorilas.
Para investigar la evolución de los mamíferos y el intercambio faunal en África durante el Mioceno tardío.

Principales métodos:

Nuevas observaciones de campo.
El análisis geoquímico.
Es una estratigrafía magnética.
La datación por radioisótopos.

Principales resultados:

Los sedimentos de la Formación Chorora datan de hace entre 9 y 7 millones de años.
Los fósiles de Chororapithecus abyssinicus datan de hace unos 8.0 millones de años.
El conjunto incluye los primeros fósiles de mamíferos subsaharianos que se extienden desde hace unos 8,5 a 7 millones de años.
La evidencia sugiere la evolución indígena africana de linajes de mamíferos y un posible vínculo ancestral-descendiente entre Nakalipithecus nakayamai y C. abyssinicus.
La provincialidad faunal entre África Oriental y Eurasia se intensificó hace unos 9 millones de años.

Conclusiones:

La Formación Chorora proporciona evidencia crucial para el simio africano y los orígenes humanos.
Los hallazgos apoyan la hipótesis de la evolución in situ del clado gorila-pan-humano dentro de África.
La cronología revisada se alinea con las estimaciones de divergencia más profundas para los humanos y los grandes simios.

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