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Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and gram-negative bacteria have transmembrane, beta-barrel proteins called porins to mediate the free diffusion of ions and metabolites across the membrane. Mitochondrial porin precursors contain conserved amino acid sequences called beta signals at their C-terminal. Beta signals have a  motif of PoXGXXHyXHy (Po-Polar, X-Any amino acid, G-Glycine, Hy-LargeHydrophobic), which are crucial for precursor recognition to initiate precursor assembly. Beta-barrel...
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Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom,...
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

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Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
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Globular and Fibrous Proteins02:21

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Many proteins can be classified into two distinct subtypes - globular or fibrous. These two types differ in their shapes and solubilities.
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

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Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
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Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
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2- ((Naftaleno-1-il) tiofeno como un nuevo motivo para los porfirinoides: Carbaporfirina meso fusionada

Jung-Ho Hong1, Adil S Aslam1, Masatoshi Ishida2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Functional Molecule Synthesis Laboratory, Inha University , Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 25, 2016
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores sintetizaron una nueva carbaporfirina meso fusionada utilizando un método de premodificación. Este nuevo macrociclo exhibe propiedades electrónicas únicas y forma complejos estables de paladio, avanzando la ciencia de los materiales.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química orgánica
  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Química supramolecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las carbaporfirinas son análogos de la porfirina con un átomo de carbono que sustituye a uno o más átomos de nitrógeno en el macrociclo.
  • La meso-sustitución en los porfirinoides puede alterar significativamente sus propiedades electrónicas y fotofísicas.
  • El desarrollo de nuevos compuestos macrocíclicos con conjugación π extendida es crucial para los materiales avanzados.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para sintetizar un nuevo derivado meso-fusionado de carbaporfirina.
  • Investigar las propiedades electrónicas y aromáticas del macrociclo recién sintetizado.
  • Para explorar la química de coordinación de la carbaporfirina meso fusionada con los iones metálicos.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de carbaporfirina meso-fusionada mediante una estrategia de premodificación.
  • Caracterización mediante espectroscopia de resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN).
  • Análisis computacional que incluye cálculos de desplazamiento químico independiente del núcleo (NICS) y de anisotropía de la densidad de corriente inducida (ACD).
  • Exploración de formaciones complejas con iones de paladio.

Principales resultados:

  • Síntesis exitosa de la primera carbaporfirina meso fusionada que incorpora las fracciones de 2- ((naftalen-1-il) tiofeno.
  • Demostración de una vía global de conjugación π que perturba la aromaticidad local del naftaleno.
  • Confirmación de la aromaticidad mediante métodos espectroscópicos y computacionales.
  • Formación de un complejo Palladium ((II) cuadrado plano estable con el ligando de la carbaporirina.

Conclusiones:

  • El método de premodificación permite la síntesis de nuevas carbaporfirinas mesofusionadas.
  • La conjugación π extendida influye significativamente en la estructura electrónica y la aromaticidad.
  • La carbaporfirina sintetizada es un ligando versátil para la química de coordinación, en particular con Pd (II).