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Impactos biofísicos del clima de los cambios recientes en la cubierta forestal mundial
Ramdane Alkama1, Alessandro Cescatti1
1European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 26, 2016
Resumen
La pérdida de bosques intensifica las fluctuaciones de temperatura y eleva las temperaturas de la tierra, especialmente en las regiones áridas. Este calentamiento biofísico de los cambios forestales es significativo, impactando las evaluaciones climáticas globales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del clima
- Ecología
- Observación de la Tierra
Sus antecedentes:
- Los cambios en la cobertura forestal influyen significativamente en el clima local a través del intercambio de energía y agua entre la tierra y la atmósfera.
- La magnitud exacta de estos efectos biofísicos del clima sigue siendo objeto de debate y a menudo se pasa por alto en la política climática internacional.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar los impactos climáticos de la reciente pérdida y ganancia global de bosques utilizando datos de observación.
- Evaluar el efecto de calentamiento biofísico de las variaciones de la cubierta forestal en diferentes zonas climáticas.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó datos de observación de la Tierra para rastrear los cambios en la cobertura forestal global entre 2003 y 2012.
- Las temperaturas de la superficie terrestre analizadas en relación con la dinámica de la cubierta forestal observada.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontró que la pérdida de bosques aumentaba la variación diurna de la temperatura y elevaba las temperaturas medias y máximas del aire.
- El efecto de calentamiento fue más pronunciado en las zonas áridas, seguido de las regiones templadas, tropicales y boreales.
- Las variaciones de la cubierta forestal representaron aproximadamente el 18% de la señal de calentamiento global atribuida a las emisiones de CO2 derivadas del cambio en el uso de la tierra durante el período de estudio.
Conclusiones:
- Los efectos biofísicos del cambio de la cubierta forestal tienen un impacto sustancial en las temperaturas de la superficie terrestre.
- Estos hallazgos ponen de relieve la necesidad de incorporar los impactos biofísicos relacionados con los bosques en las evaluaciones del cambio climático y los debates sobre políticas.
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