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Las bacterias intestinales que previenen los problemas de crecimiento transmitidos por la microbiota de los niños
Laura V Blanton1, Mark R Charbonneau1, Tarek Salih1
1Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology and Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 26, 2016
Resumen
Los niños desnutridos tienen una microbiota intestinal inmadura que dificulta el crecimiento. La introducción de microbiota sana o bacterias específicas en ratones desnutridos restauró el crecimiento y el metabolismo saludables, lo que sugiere que la inmadurez de la microbiota causa desnutrición.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Nutrición para el hombre
- Biología del desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- La desnutrición infantil es un problema de salud mundial.
- La microbiota intestinal juega un papel crucial en el desarrollo y la salud del niño.
- Se observa un deterioro en el desarrollo de la microbiota intestinal en niños desnutridos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel causal de la inmadurez de la microbiota intestinal en la desnutrición infantil.
- Identificar posibles objetivos terapéuticos dentro de la microbiota intestinal para la desnutrición.
Principales métodos:
- Trasplantar microbiota intestinal de donantes malauíes sanos y desnutridos a ratones libres de gérmenes alimentados con una dieta malauí.
- Analizar la correlación entre los taxones microbianos intestinales y los fenotipos del huésped (crecimiento, metabolismo, morfología ósea).
- Evaluación del impacto de la cohabitación y la introducción de especies bacterianas específicas (Ruminococcus gnavus, Clostridium symbiosum) en los ratones receptores.
Principales resultados:
- La microbiota intestinal inmadura de los donantes desnutridos transmitió fenotipos de crecimiento alterado a los ratones receptores.
- Taxones microbianos específicos discriminatorios por edad y crecimiento correlacionados con la masa corporal magra del huésped, el metabolismo y la morfología ósea.
- El alojamiento con microbiota sana o la introducción de Ruminococcus gnavus y Clostridium symbiosum mejoró el crecimiento y las anomalías metabólicas en los ratones receptores.
Conclusiones:
- La inmadurez de la microbiota está causalmente relacionada con la desnutrición en los niños.
- Las bacterias intestinales específicas representan objetivos terapéuticos potenciales para el tratamiento de la desnutrición.
- El restablecimiento de una composición saludable de la microbiota intestinal puede revertir los fenotipos asociados a la desnutrición.
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