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La enfermedad de Alzheimer

Philip Scheltens1, Kaj Blennow2, Monique M B Breteler3

  • 1Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

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|February 28, 2016
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La investigación sobre la enfermedad de Alzheimer está evolucionando más allá de la hipótesis amiloide, explorando interacciones complejas y etapas tempranas de la enfermedad. Es probable que los tratamientos futuros combinen terapias dirigidas con intervenciones en el estilo de vida para un manejo integral de la salud cerebral.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurología
  • La neurociencia
  • Investigación de biomarcadores

Sus antecedentes:

  • La prevalencia global de la demencia está aumentando, sin embargo, la incidencia occidental puede estar disminuyendo debido a la mejora del cuidado vascular y la salud cerebral.
  • La hipótesis amiloide tradicional para la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) está siendo desafiada por una comprensión más compleja que involucra factores que interactúan.
  • Los biomarcadores establecidos incluyen amiloide β42 y tau; los candidatos emergentes son oligómeros de amiloide β y marcadores sinápticos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los desarrollos clave en la investigación de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
  • Discutir el cambio hacia la comprensión de la EA preclínica y la interacción de varios factores de la enfermedad.
  • Explorar los avances en las estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas para la EA.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura actual sobre la patogénesis, los biomarcadores y las imágenes de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
  • Análisis de las tendencias emergentes de la investigación, incluidas las intervenciones preclínicas para la EA y el estilo de vida.
  • Discusión de técnicas de diagnóstico establecidas y novedosas como la resonancia magnética, las tomografías por tomografía computarizada y los biomarcadores de fluidos.

Principales resultados:

  • La investigación se está moviendo más allá de la causalidad lineal, reconociendo las interacciones entre la edad, los factores protectores y los promotores de la enfermedad.
  • El PET amiloide y el PET Tau son prometedores para la aplicación clínica, ayudando al diagnóstico y a la selección de pacientes para ensayos.
  • Las intervenciones tempranas dirigidas a los factores del estilo de vida y al amiloide en las etapas previas a la demencia muestran resultados preliminares positivos.

Conclusiones:

  • La investigación del Alzheimer se centra cada vez más en las primeras etapas preclínicas de la enfermedad.
  • Se prevé una combinación de terapias dirigidas contra el Alzheimer e intervenciones en el estilo de vida para el tratamiento futuro.
  • Comprender la compleja interacción de los factores es crucial para desarrollar estrategias efectivas contra la enfermedad de Alzheimer.