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Los controles de la placa superior en el deslizamiento co-sísmico en el terremoto de Tohoku-oki de magnitud 9.0 de
Dan Bassett1, David T Sandwell1, Yuri Fialko1
1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
Nature
|March 4, 2016
Resumen
El terremoto de Tohoku-oki de 2011
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica
- Sismología
- Tectónica de placas
Sus antecedentes:
- El terremoto de Tohoku-oki de 2011 (Mw ≥ 9.0) proporcionó datos geofísicos sin precedentes.
- Comprender los factores que controlan el deslizamiento y la extensión de la ruptura de un terremoto gigante sigue siendo un desafío.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar las estructuras geológicas que controlan las características de ruptura del terremoto de Tohoku-oki de 2011.
- Para correlacionar la estructura de la placa superior con el comportamiento sísmico de megathrust en el noreste de Japón.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la topografía residual y las anomalías de gravedad en la costa noreste de Japón.
- Modelado gravitatorio para determinar las variaciones de densidad en la placa predominante.
- Correlación de los límites estructurales con la sismicidad histórica y la distribución del deslizamiento sísmico.
Principales resultados:
- Identificó un límite estructural en alta mar, probablemente la Línea Tectónica Media, con una creciente densidad de roca hacia el norte.
- Megathrust al norte del límite está bloqueado, experimentando un deslizamiento significativo (> 40m) en 2011.
- Megathrust al sur del límite muestra flujo intersísmico y deslizamiento menor de 2011.
Conclusiones:
- La estructura geológica de la placa superior y las propiedades de fricción inferidas controlan el acoplamiento del megatrust.
- La Línea Tectónica Media actúa como un control clave en el comportamiento sísmico en la región.
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