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El alcohol y el riesgo inmediato de eventos cardiovasculares: una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis

Elizabeth Mostofsky¹, Harpreet S Chahal², Kenneth J Mukamal²

¹From Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (E.M., H.S.C., M.A.M.); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (E.M., E.B.R., M.A.M.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada (H.S.C.); Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (K.J.M.); Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (E.B.R.); and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.B.R.). emostofs@mail.harvard.edu.

|March 4, 2016

Resumen

Cualquier ingesta de alcohol aumenta el riesgo cardiovascular inmediato. El consumo excesivo aumenta el riesgo en los días siguientes, mientras que una ingesta moderada puede ofrecer protección después de 24 horas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Cardiología
Salud pública
Epidemiología

Sus antecedentes:

Existen datos limitados sobre los riesgos cardiovasculares inmediatos asociados con el consumo de alcohol.
Los efectos fisiológicos del alcohol pueden afectar diferencialmente el riesgo cardiovascular a corto plazo frente al riesgo cardiovascular a largo plazo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para caracterizar los riesgos cardiovasculares inmediatos después de la ingesta de alcohol.
Evaluar la asociación entre los patrones de consumo de alcohol y los eventos cardiovasculares en las horas y días posteriores a la ingesta.

Principales métodos:

Revisión sistemática y metanálisis de los estudios observacionales.
Busqué en las bases de datos de CINAHL, Embase y PubMed.
Intervalos de confianza y riesgos relativos combinados para el infarto de miocardio, accidente cerebrovascular isquémico y accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico.

Principales resultados:

Cualquier consumo de alcohol se relacionó con un aumento inmediato del riesgo cardiovascular.
La ingesta moderada (2-4 bebidas) mostró un riesgo reducido de infarto de miocardio y accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico después de 24 horas.
El consumo excesivo de alcohol (6-9 bebidas) aumentó significativamente el riesgo cardiovascular dentro de las 24 horas y hasta una semana.

Conclusiones:

El riesgo cardiovascular inmediato es elevado con cualquier consumo de alcohol.
El consumo excesivo de alcohol plantea un riesgo cardiovascular sostenido más allá de las 24 horas.
El consumo moderado de alcohol puede tener efectos cardiovasculares protectores después de las primeras horas.

Palabras clave:

el consumo de alcohol Enfermedades cardiovasculares relación dosis-respuesta, fármaco Ciencias de la salud Metanálisis

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