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Disbiosis bacteriana intestinal y enterocolitis necrotizante en bebés de muy bajo peso al nacer: un estudio
Barbara B Warner1, Elena Deych2, Yanjiao Zhou1
1Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|March 13, 2016
Resumen
La composición de las bacterias intestinales es diferente en los bebés que desarrollan enterocolitis necrotizante (NEC). Se observó un aumento de las gammaproteobacterias y una disminución de las anaerobias estrictas como Negativicutes en los lactantes con NEC.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Medicina neonatal
- Gastroenterología
Sus antecedentes:
- La enterocolitis necrotizante (NEC) es una enfermedad intestinal grave en los bebés prematuros.
- Las alteraciones del microbioma intestinal pueden desempeñar un papel en el desarrollo de la NEC.
- La identificación de taxones bacterianos específicos asociados con la NEC es crucial para comprender su patogénesis.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las diferencias en los taxones bacterianos intestinales entre los bebés de muy bajo peso al nacer que desarrollan NEC y los que no lo hacen.
- Para identificar las firmas bacterianas específicas que preceden a la aparición de la NEC.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio observacional prospectivo de bebés de muy bajo peso al nacer en múltiples cohortes hospitalarias.
- Recolección y pirosecuenciación del gen de ARNr 16S del ADN fecal de muestras de heces.
- Análisis utilizando modelos multinomiales de Dirichlet para identificar asociaciones entre poblaciones bacterianas y desarrollo de NEC.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la estructura de la comunidad microbiana intestinal entre los casos de NEC y los controles.
- El aumento de la abundancia de Gammaproteobacteria y la disminución de la abundancia de bacterias estrictamente anaerobias (Negativicutes) se asociaron con la NEC.
- Estas diferencias microbianas fueron más pronunciadas en los bebés nacidos con menos de 27 semanas de gestación y surgieron después del primer mes de vida.
Conclusiones:
- Una abundancia relativa de Gammaproteobacteria y una escasez de bacterias estrictamente anaerobias preceden a la NEC en bebés de muy bajo peso al nacer.
- Estos hallazgos sugieren objetivos microbianos potenciales para las estrategias de prevención de la NEC, particularmente en bebés extremadamente prematuros.
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