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La microbiota materna impulsa el desarrollo inmunológico innato postnatal temprano
Mercedes Gomez de Agüero1, Stephanie C Ganal-Vonarburg1, Tobias Fuhrer2
1Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, Murtenstrasse 35, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 19, 2016
Resumen
Los microbios maternos durante el embarazo forman la inmunidad de la descendencia. Esto mejora la capacidad de los cachorros para manejar moléculas microbianas y prevenir la invasión de bacterias intestinales, destacando la importancia de la microbiota materna para el desarrollo inmune.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- Investigación del microbioma
- Biología del desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- Se cree que la colonización microbiana postnatal impulsa el desarrollo del sistema inmunológico.
- El papel de la microbiota materna durante la gestación en la formación de la inmunidad de la descendencia sigue siendo menos conocido.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo la colonización de la microbiota materna durante el embarazo influye en el desarrollo del sistema inmunológico de la descendencia.
- Identificar células inmunes específicas y vías moleculares afectadas por la exposición microbiana gestacional.
Principales métodos:
- Colonizaron ratones preñados con microbios específicos.
- Las poblaciones de células inmunes analizadas (por ejemplo, células linfoides innatas, células mononucleares) en la descendencia.
- Se examinaron los perfiles de transcripción intestinal y la expresión génica en cachorros.
- Investigó el papel de los anticuerpos maternos en la mediación de estos efectos.
Principales resultados:
- La colonización gestacional aumentó las células linfoides innatas del grupo 3 intestinal y las células mononucleares F4/ 80 ((+) CD11c ((+) en cachorros.
- La microbiota materna reprogramó la expresión génica intestinal de la descendencia, mejorando los péptidos antibacterianos y las vías de metabolismo microbiano.
- Estos efectos dependían en parte de los anticuerpos maternos transmitidos a la descendencia.
- Los descendientes de madres colonizadas mostraron respuestas inflamatorias reducidas a las moléculas microbianas y una mejor resistencia a la invasión microbiana.
Conclusiones:
- La microbiota materna juega un papel crítico en la programación del sistema inmunológico de la descendencia durante la gestación.
- La exposición microbiana gestacional, potencialmente a través de anticuerpos maternos, mejora la tolerancia inmune y la función de barrera de la descendencia.
- Este estudio subraya el impacto transgeneracional del microbioma materno en la salud inmune de la descendencia.
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