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Medición de las mareas de la Tierra con un gravímetro MEMS
R P Middlemiss1,2, A Samarelli1, D J Paul2
1Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), University of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Kelvin Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
Nature
|April 1, 2016
Resumen
Desarrollamos un nuevo sistema microelectromecánico (MEMS) gravímetro, pequeño y asequible, capaz de medir las mareas de la Tierra. Este avance transforma los acelerómetros MEMS en gravímetros sensibles para diversas aplicaciones geológicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica
- Tecnología de sensores
- Sistemas microelectromecánicos (MEMS)
Sus antecedentes:
- La medición precisa de las variaciones de aceleración gravitacional es crucial para detectar reservas de hidrocarburos, monitorear la actividad volcánica e identificar estructuras subterráneas.
- Los gravímetros existentes (de caída libre, basados en muelles, superconductores, interferómetros atómicos) logran las sensibilidades necesarias (decenas de microgal/Hz^{1/2)), pero son costosos (> 100.000 dólares) y masivos (> 8 kg).
- Estos dispositivos pueden medir las mareas terrestres, una señal gravitacional predecible que requiere alta sensibilidad y estabilidad a largo plazo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para presentar un nuevo dispositivo de sistema microelectromecánico (MEMS) que funciona como un gravímetro.
- Para demostrar la capacidad del dispositivo para medir las mareas de la Tierra, mostrando su estabilidad.
- Para resaltar el potencial de un gravímetro miniaturizado de bajo costo para aplicaciones generalizadas.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrollo de un sistema microelectromecánico (MEMS) con una sensibilidad de 40 microgal/Hz^{1/2).
- Utilizando el dispositivo MEMS para medir las mareas de la Tierra durante períodos prolongados.
- Comparación de la estabilidad a largo plazo del gravímetro MEMS desarrollado con los acelerómetros MEMS existentes.
Principales resultados:
- El dispositivo MEMS desarrollado alcanzó una sensibilidad de 40 microgal/Hz^{1/2} y funciona dentro de unos pocos centímetros cúbicos.
- El instrumento midió con éxito las mareas terrestres, demostrando una estabilidad superior a largo plazo en comparación con otros dispositivos MEMS.
- El estudio hizo con éxito la transición de un acelerómetro MEMS a un gravímetro funcional.
Conclusiones:
- El nuevo gravímetro MEMS ofrece una alta sensibilidad y estabilidad a un costo y tamaño significativamente reducidos en comparación con los instrumentos tradicionales.
- Esta tecnología miniaturizada y asequible abre nuevas vías para el mapeo y la exploración de la gravedad.
- Las aplicaciones potenciales incluyen sondeos terrestres basados en drones, monitoreo de volcanes y matrices de imágenes de gravedad de múltiples píxeles.
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