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Nuevas perspectivas sobre los mecanismos de cobro de los supercondensadores
Alexander C Forse1, Céline Merlet1, John M Griffin1,2
1Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 1, 2016
Resumen
Los supercondensadores almacenan energía a través de interacciones iónicas en las interfaces de los electrodos. Una nueva investigación revela que los mecanismos de carga implican el intercambio de iones, no solo la adsorción, lo que permite un diseño racional para dispositivos de almacenamiento de energía mejorados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de los materiales
- La electroquímica
- Almacenamiento de energía
Sus antecedentes:
- Los supercondensadores (condensadores eléctricos de doble capa) son dispositivos de almacenamiento de energía de alta potencia cruciales para los vehículos eléctricos y la electrónica.
- Los supercondensadores actuales se enfrentan a limitaciones en la capacidad de almacenamiento de energía sin comprometer la velocidad de carga.
- Los avances en la caracterización in situ y el modelado computacional son clave para comprender y mejorar el rendimiento de los supercondensadores.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar una visión global de los mecanismos de carga de los supercondensadores mediante la integración de hallazgos experimentales y computacionales.
- Para aclarar los mecanismos moleculares que rigen el almacenamiento de carga en supercondensadores.
- Identificar nuevas direcciones de investigación para el diseño de supercondensadores de próxima generación con capacidades mejoradas de almacenamiento de energía.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó experimentos de resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) para estudiar el comportamiento de los iones en los poros de los electrodos.
- Empleó simulaciones de dinámica molecular (DM) para modelar las interacciones iónicas y los mecanismos de almacenamiento de carga.
- Integrar los resultados de varios estudios experimentales y computacionales para presentar una imagen unificada de los procesos de carga.
Principales resultados:
- Los poros de los electrodos están significativamente poblados con iones incluso sin potencial aplicado.
- La carga del supercondensador implica predominantemente el intercambio de iones (intercambio de co-iones / contra-iones), en lugar de sólo la adsorción de contra-iones.
- Un nuevo parámetro de mecanismo de carga cuantifica el proceso, mostrando la dependencia de la polarización del electrodo, el electrolito y el material del electrodo.
Conclusiones:
- La visión tradicional de la carga del supercondensador necesita revisión para incluir el intercambio de iones como un mecanismo primario.
- La comprensión y el control de los mecanismos de carga son fundamentales para el desarrollo de supercondensadores de alto rendimiento.
- Se necesita más investigación para vincular los mecanismos de carga con el rendimiento del dispositivo para futuras innovaciones de almacenamiento de energía.
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