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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
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Inmunovigilancia del microbioma y el cáncer

Laurence Zitvogel1, Maha Ayyoub1, Bertrand Routy1

  • 1INSERM, U1015, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 95800 Villejuif, France; University of Paris Sud XI, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer, 95800 Villejuif, France.

Cell
|April 9, 2016
PubMed
Resumen

El microbioma influye significativamente en la defensa natural del cuerpo contra el cáncer. La comprensión de estas interacciones bacterianas intestinales puede conducir a nuevas terapias contra el cáncer y estrategias de prevención.

Palabras clave:
el cáncerBloqueadores de puntos de controlImunidadinmunoterapiaLa microbiotaReceptores de reconocimiento de patógenosantígenos asociados al tumor

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inmunología
  • Microbiología
  • En el campo de la oncología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las respuestas inmunes anticancerígenas son una forma de autoinmunidad beneficiosa.
  • El microbioma juega un papel crucial en la configuración de las funciones del sistema inmunológico.
  • La interacción entre el microbioma y la inmunidad antitumoral es un área de investigación emergente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar las pruebas de la influencia del microbioma en la inmunovigilancia antitumoral.
  • Proponer mecanismos mediante los cuales el microbioma afecta la inmunidad contra el cáncer.
  • Para resaltar el potencial de dirigirse al microbioma para la terapia del cáncer.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura y síntesis de las investigaciones existentes.
  • Mecanismos hipotéticos de influencia microbiana en la inmunidad antitumoral.
  • Discusión de los efectos indirectos y lejanos del microbioma.

Principales resultados:

  • El microbioma puede influir indirectamente en la inmunovigilancia antitumoral.
  • Los mecanismos incluyen reactividad cruzada entre antígenos microbianos y tumorales que afectan a las células T.
  • Los productos microbianos pueden modular las respuestas inmunes a través de receptores de reconocimiento de patrones.

Conclusiones:

  • El microbioma moldea profundamente la inmunovigilancia natural del cáncer.
  • Comprender estas interacciones es clave para desarrollar nuevos tratamientos contra el cáncer.
  • La modulación del microbioma ofrece una vía prometedora para la profilaxis y la terapia del cáncer.