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Canales de agua artificiales sin sal que exhiben agua dipolar mejorada y translocación de protones

Erol Licsandru¹, Istvan Kocsis¹, Yue-Xiao Shen²

¹Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Europeen des Membranes , ENSCM-UMII-UMR CNRS 5635, Place Eugene Bataillon CC047, Montpellier, F-34095, France.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|April 12, 2016

Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron canales de agua artificiales que imitan las acuaporinas (AQP) para el transporte eficiente de agua y protones. Estos canales quirales exhiben una alta permeabilidad al agua y selectividad iónica, acercándose al rendimiento de AQP.

Área de la Ciencia:

Química biomimética
Transporte por membrana
Nanotecnología

Sus antecedentes:

Las acuaporinas (AQP) facilitan el transporte rápido de agua y la exclusión de iones, pero los imitadores sintéticos son limitados.
La translocación selectiva del agua en AQP implica cables de agua y movimientos de canales correlacionados.
Los vínculos cuantitativos entre la orientación del alambre de agua y las propiedades de transporte siguen sin estar claros.

Objetivo del estudio:

Diseñar y caracterizar canales de agua artificiales que imiten la función de AQP.
Investigar el papel de los cables de agua orientados y la quiralidad del canal en el transporte.
Para cuantificar las tasas de transporte de agua y protones y la selectividad iónica.

Principales métodos:

Cristalografía de rayos X para los datos estructurales.
Experimentos de transporte Bilayer para medir la permeabilidad y la selectividad.
Simulaciones de dinámica molecular para el análisis cuantitativo.

Principales resultados:

Se crearon canales artificiales de cuarteto de imidazol con 2,6 Å poros.
Los canales encapsulan cables de agua dipolares orientados dentro de un conducto quiral.
Se ha logrado una velocidad de transporte de agua de ~ 10^6 moléculas/s/canal, dentro de dos órdenes de magnitud de AQP.
Se ha demostrado una alta conductividad de protones (~5 H+/s/canal) y un rechazo completo de iones (excepto protones).

Conclusiones:

Los canales artificiales pueden imitar efectivamente el transporte de agua y protones de AQP.
Los cables de agua orientados y la quiralidad del canal son cruciales para un transporte eficiente y selectivo.
Estos hallazgos avanzan en el diseño de canales sintéticos para aplicaciones biológicas.

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