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Comercio subterráneo de carbono entre árboles altos en un bosque templado

Tamir Klein¹, Rolf T W Siegwolf², Christian Körner³

¹Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. tamir.klein@unibas.ch.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 16, 2016

Resumen

Los árboles forestales participan en un intercambio significativo de carbono, transfiriendo carbono asimilado a los vecinos a través de los sistemas de raíces. Este descubrimiento desafía la visión de la competencia como la interacción primaria de los árboles del bosque.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología forestal
Fisiología vegetal
Micología

Sus antecedentes:

Los árboles del bosque compiten principalmente por la luz y los recursos del suelo.
La asimilación del carbono se considera típicamente un proceso individualista dentro del follaje de los árboles.
El intercambio de recursos entre árboles no es ampliamente reconocido.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el potencial de transferencia de carbono entre los árboles del bosque.
Determinar si se intercambian fotoasimilados entre diferentes especies de árboles.
Para cuantificar la extensión de la transferencia de carbono entre árboles.

Principales métodos:

Etiquetado de isótopos estables de carbono en la escala del dosel.
Análisis de las señales de mezcla de isótopos en raíces finas.
Investigación de la superposición de las esferas radiculares y las redes ectomicorrizales.

Principales resultados:

El carbono asimilado por los abetos se transfirió a la haya, el alerce y el pino vecinos.
La transferencia interespecífica y bidireccional de carbono se produjo a través de redes comunes de ectomicorriza.
Esta transferencia representó aproximadamente el 40% del carbono fino de raíz, lo que representa un intercambio sustancial de carbono de árbol a árbol.

Conclusiones:

Los árboles forestales participan en un intercambio de carbono interespecífico significativo.
Las redes ectomicorrizales facilitan una transferencia sustancial de carbono entre los árboles.
Las interacciones de los árboles en los bosques son más complejas que la mera competencia por los recursos.

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