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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
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Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

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Principios subyacentes a la topografía de mapas sensoriales en la corteza visual primaria

Jens Kremkow1, Jianzhong Jin1, Yushi Wang1

  • 1Graduate Center for Vision Research, State University of New York, College of Optometry, 33 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036, USA.

Nature
|April 28, 2016
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los mapas de la corteza visual para la orientación y la disparidad están vinculados a los mapas de ubicación espacial. Esta organización se deriva de cómo se organizan las señales de luz (ON) y oscuridad (OFF) del tálamo, revelando un principio común en la topografía visual.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Sistema de visión
  • Mapeo cortical

Sus antecedentes:

  • La corteza visual primaria contiene mapas detallados de escenas visuales basadas en la ubicación, el dominio ocular y la orientación.
  • Los orígenes de los mapas para la orientación, la dirección y la disparidad de la retina no se comprenden completamente.
  • Los mapas existentes para la ubicación espacial y el dominio ocular están vinculados a la disposición de los axones aferentes del tálamo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los principios organizativos que subyacen a los mapas corticales visuales.
  • Determinar la relación entre los mapas de ubicación espacial y otros mapas dimensionales de estímulos visuales.
  • Para aclarar el papel de la organización aferente del tálamo en la topografía cortical visual.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de mapas corticales en la corteza visual del gato (Felis catus).
  • Examen de la disposición espacial de los axones aferentes del tálamo.
  • Correlación de mapas de estímulo ON-OFF con mapas de orientación, dirección y disparidad retiniana.

Principales resultados:

  • Los mapas corticales para la orientación, la dirección y la disparidad de la retina están fuertemente relacionados con el mapa de ubicación espacial de los estímulos claros (ON) y oscuros (OFF).
  • El mapa ON-OFF se caracteriza como dominado por OFF, centrado en OFF y ortogonal a las columnas de dominación ocular.
  • Esta organización ON-OFF se origina en el agrupamiento de los aferentes tálamicos ON y OFF.

Conclusiones:

  • Un principio de organización común subyace a la topografía cortical visual.
  • Los axones talamicos con retinotopía similar y polaridad ON-OFF están dispuestos en regiones corticales vecinas.
  • Esta disposición dicta la formación de mapas para la orientación, la dirección y la disparidad de la retina.