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Resurrección de la microbiota intestinal para combatir los patógenos resistentes a los antibióticos

¹Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Immunology Service, and Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 30, 2016

Resumen

El uso de antibióticos interrumpe la microbiota intestinal, aumentando el riesgo de infección. El desarrollo de probióticos de próxima generación puede restaurar esta defensa microbiana, combatir las bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos y reducir las infecciones asociadas a la atención médica.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología
Gastroenterología
Farmacología

Sus antecedentes:

La microbiota intestinal, una comunidad compleja de bacterias, es crucial para prevenir la colonización de patógenos.
La terapia con antibióticos puede interrumpir esta barrera protectora, lo que aumenta la susceptibilidad a las infecciones, incluidas las causadas por cepas resistentes a los antibióticos.
El restablecimiento del equilibrio microbiano es clave para prevenir las infecciones post-antibióticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Explorar el potencial de los probióticos de próxima generación para restablecer la resistencia a la colonización mediada por la microbiota intestinal.
Identificar especies bacterianas comensales específicas para el desarrollo de probióticos.
Para reducir las infecciones causadas por bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos.

Principales métodos:

La investigación en curso se centra en identificar y caracterizar las especies bacterianas comensales beneficiosas.
Los estudios incluyen varias etapas de descubrimiento, pruebas preclínicas y producción de posibles candidatos probióticos.
Evaluación de estos candidatos por su capacidad para restaurar la resistencia a la colonización y eliminar los patógenos.

Principales resultados:

Se están desarrollando probióticos de nueva generación para restablecer las funciones protectoras de la microbiota intestinal.
Estos bioterapéuticos vivos tienen como objetivo mejorar la resistencia a la colonización contra los patógenos.
La línea de desarrollo incluye candidatos en diferentes etapas de validación y revisión regulatoria.

Conclusiones:

El restablecimiento de la resistencia a la colonización mediada por la microbiota intestinal a través de probióticos de próxima generación es una estrategia prometedora.
Este enfoque puede reducir significativamente la incidencia de infecciones, en particular las causadas por bacterias altamente resistentes a los antibióticos.
El desarrollo y la aplicación clínica de estos probióticos están justificados para combatir las infecciones asociadas a la atención médica.

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