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Planetas templados del tamaño de la Tierra que transitan por una estrella enana ultrafría cercana
Michaël Gillon1, Emmanuël Jehin1, Susan M Lederer2
1Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19C, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Nature
|May 3, 2016
Resumen
Los astrónomos descubrieron tres exoplanetas del tamaño de la Tierra orbitando una estrella enana ultrafría. Estos planetas, encontrados cerca de la estrella
Área de la Ciencia:
- Astronomía y astrofísica
- Ciencia de los exoplanetas
- Evolución estelar
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enanas ultrafrías son objetos parecidos a estrellas con temperaturas por debajo de 2.700 grados Kelvin.
- Comprenden el 15% de los objetos astronómicos del vecindario solar, incluidas las estrellas de baja masa y las enanas marrones.
- La teoría de la acreción del núcleo predice una población significativa de planetas terrestres alrededor de estos objetos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para buscar y caracterizar planetas terrestres que orbitan alrededor de estrellas enanas ultrafrías.
- Para probar las predicciones de las teorías de formación de planetas alrededor de estrellas de baja masa.
- Para investigar la habitabilidad potencial de los planetas en las zonas habitables de las enanas ultrafrías.
Principales métodos:
- La astronomía observacional utiliza la fotometría de tránsito para detectar exoplanetas.
- Análisis del brillo infrarrojo y el tamaño de la estrella enana anfitriona ultrafría.
- Caracterización estelar para determinar los niveles de radiación planetaria.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrimiento de tres planetas del tamaño de la Tierra que transitan por una estrella enana ultrafría a 12 parsecs de distancia.
- Los planetas interiores reciben 4x y 2x la irradiación de la Tierra, cerca del borde interior de la zona habitable.
- Se indica un tercer planeta con una radiación potencialmente más baja que la Tierra, con 11 posibles órbitas.
Conclusiones:
- El descubrimiento confirma la existencia de planetas terrestres alrededor de enanas ultrafrías.
- El sistema cercano ofrece una oportunidad única para la caracterización detallada de la atmósfera del exoplaneta.
- Las enanas ultrafrías son objetivos prometedores en la búsqueda de exoplanetas potencialmente habitables.
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