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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Habitantes microbianos de la piel: amigos para siempre

Pieter C Dorrestein1, Richard L Gallo2, Rob Knight3

  • 1Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; UC San Diego Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

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Resumen

Las comunidades microbianas de la piel humana están moldeadas principalmente por el individuo, no por el medio ambiente. Este estudio mapea los metagenomas de la piel a lo largo del tiempo para revelar los factores de estabilidad a largo plazo.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Microbiología
  • La genómica
  • El microbioma humano

Sus antecedentes:

  • El microbioma de la piel humana juega un papel crucial en la salud y la enfermedad.
  • Comprender la estabilidad y los impulsores de las comunidades microbianas de la piel es esencial para desarrollar intervenciones específicas.
  • Estudios anteriores han explorado la composición microbiana de la piel, pero la dinámica a largo plazo sigue siendo menos comprendida.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la estabilidad temporal del metagenoma de la piel humana.
  • Identificar los factores principales que influyen en la composición de las comunidades microbianas de la piel a lo largo del tiempo.
  • Proporcionar información sobre la resiliencia y la adaptabilidad del microbioma de la piel.

Principales métodos:

  • Secuenciación metagenómica de muestras de piel de individuos durante un período prolongado.
  • Análisis bioinformático para evaluar la composición y la diversidad de la comunidad microbiana.
  • Modelado estadístico para determinar la influencia de los factores ambientales y específicos del huésped.

Principales resultados:

  • La composición de la comunidad microbiana de la piel es notablemente estable dentro de los individuos con el tiempo.
  • Se encontró que los factores específicos del huésped, en lugar de las influencias ambientales, eran los impulsores dominantes de la estructura de la comunidad microbiana.
  • Se observó una variación interindividual significativa en los metagenomas de la piel.

Conclusiones:

  • El microbioma de la piel humana exhibe un alto grado de estabilidad personal, dictado en gran medida por el huésped.
  • Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la comprensión de la salud de la piel, la patogénesis de la enfermedad y el desarrollo de terapias basadas en el microbioma.
  • La investigación futura debe centrarse en aclarar los factores específicos del huésped que rigen el ensamblaje de la comunidad microbiana de la piel.