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Estabilidad temporal del microbioma de la piel humana
Julia Oh1, Allyson L Byrd2, Morgan Park3
1Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Cell
|May 7, 2016
Resumen
El microbioma de la piel humana, que abarca bacterias, hongos y virus, permanece notablemente estable con el tiempo, influenciado por el sitio del cuerpo y los factores individuales. Los individuos tienden a mantener sus propios microbios en lugar de adquirirlos constantemente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Investigación del microbioma humano
- Ecología
Sus antecedentes:
- La composición del microbioma de la piel humana está influenciada por factores biogeográficos y la individualidad del huésped.
- Comprender la estabilidad de estas comunidades microbianas es crucial para descifrar las interacciones huésped-microbio y la salud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la estabilidad del microbioma de la piel humana (comunidades bacterianas, fúngicas y virales) durante períodos prolongados (de meses a años).
- Determinar las funciones del sitio corporal, la individualidad del huésped y la filogenia en la configuración de la estabilidad de la comunidad microbiana de la piel.
Principales métodos:
- Generación de datos de secuencia metagenómica a partir de muestras longitudinales de piel.
- Análisis basado en múltiples reinos de las comunidades bacterianas, fúngicas y virales.
- Análisis a nivel de cepa y variante de un solo nucleótido para evaluar la dinámica microbiana.
Principales resultados:
- Las comunidades microbianas de la piel demostraron una estabilidad significativa a lo largo del tiempo, a pesar de la exposición ambiental.
- El sitio del cuerpo (por ejemplo, los sitios del pie que muestran más variabilidad), la individualidad del huésped y la filogenia fueron determinantes clave de la estabilidad.
- Los virus eucariotas exhibieron patrones de colonización transitorios con baja especificidad del sitio.
- El análisis a nivel de cepa y variante de un solo nucleótido indicó que los individuos mantienen sus microbios cutáneos prevalentes.
Conclusiones:
- El microbioma de la piel humana muestra una notable estabilidad longitudinal, lo que sugiere robustos mecanismos de resistencia a la colonización.
- La individualidad del huésped juega un papel importante en el mantenimiento de una comunidad microbiana persistente en la piel.
- Los hallazgos apoyan el concepto de auto-domesticación microbiana y tienen implicaciones para los estudios clínicos sobre alteraciones del microbioma asociadas a enfermedades.
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