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Incidencia del aborto entre 1990 y 2014: niveles y tendencias mundiales, regionales y subregionales
Gilda Sedgh1, Jonathan Bearak1, Susheela Singh1
1Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|May 16, 2016
Resumen
La tasa mundial de abortos disminuyó desde 1990, pero no en las naciones en desarrollo. El acceso a los servicios de salud reproductiva es crucial para prevenir embarazos no deseados y garantizar el acceso seguro al aborto.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Reproductiva
- Salud global
- La demografía
Sus antecedentes:
- Los datos sobre la incidencia del aborto inducido son vitales para informar estrategias para prevenir embarazos no deseados.
- El seguimiento de las tendencias del aborto es esencial para evaluar los progresos en materia de salud reproductiva.
- Se necesitan estimaciones de la incidencia y las tasas de aborto a nivel mundial y regional.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar los niveles y tendencias mundiales, regionales y subregionales de aborto de 1990 a 2014.
- Para analizar las tasas de aborto en diferentes subgrupos de mujeres.
- Examinar la proporción de embarazos que terminan en aborto y su relación con el estatus legal.
Principales métodos:
- Datos recopilados de agencias gubernamentales, fuentes internacionales y estudios nacionales.
- Utilizó un modelo de serie de tiempo jerárquico bayesiano con 1069 años-país de datos.
- Las tasas de aborto modeladas basadas en el estado civil de las mujeres, la necesidad de anticonceptivos y el uso.
Principales resultados:
- La tasa mundial de abortos disminuyó de 40 a 35 por cada 1000 mujeres (de 15 a 44 años) entre 1990 y 1994 y 2010-14.
- El número total de abortos en todo el mundo aumentó debido al crecimiento de la población, alcanzando los 56,3 millones anuales en 2010-14.
- Los países desarrollados vieron una disminución significativa de la tasa, mientras que los países en desarrollo mostraron una disminución no significativa; El 25% de los embarazos terminaron en aborto a nivel mundial.
Conclusiones:
- Las tasas de aborto han disminuido significativamente en las regiones desarrolladas, pero no en las regiones en desarrollo desde 1990.
- Mejorar el acceso a la salud sexual y reproductiva puede ayudar a prevenir embarazos no deseados.
- Garantizar el acceso a servicios de aborto seguro es un componente fundamental de la atención de la salud reproductiva.
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