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RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
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RNA Structure01:23

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen
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El mapa dúplex del ARN en las células vivas revela la estructura del transcriptoma de orden superior

Zhipeng Lu1, Qiangfeng Cliff Zhang2, Byron Lee1

  • 1Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Cell
|May 17, 2016
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Resumen

Desarrollamos PARIS, un nuevo método para mapear las estructuras de ARN en las células vivas. Esta técnica revela estructuras e interacciones complejas de ARN generalizadas, que ofrecen nuevos conocimientos sobre el estructuroma e interactoma de ARN.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología molecular
  • La genética
  • La bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

  • El emparejamiento de bases de ARN es crucial para sus diversas funciones biológicas.
  • Comprender la estructura y las interacciones del ARN es esencial para descifrar los procesos celulares.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un método para el mapeo global de duplexos de ARN en células vivas con alta resolución.
  • Para investigar el paisaje de las estructuras de ARN y las interacciones a través del transcriptoma.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrolló PARIS (enlace cruzado de psoraleno para interacciones y estructuras de ARN), un método que utiliza enlace cruzado de psoraleno reversible.
  • Se aplicó PARIS para mapear los dúplex de ARN a una resolución cercana al par de bases en tipos de células humanas y de ratón.
  • Se utilizaron los datos de PARIS para orientar el análisis filogenético de las estructuras de ARN.

Principales resultados:

  • Identificó estructuras frecuentes de ARN de largo alcance y arquitecturas de orden superior dentro del transcriptoma.
  • Reveló conformaciones de ARN alternativas generalizadas a nivel de moléculas individuales.
  • Se descubrieron estructuras de ARN de largo alcance y alternativas conservadas, incluidos los dúplex complejos en XIST lncRNA esenciales para la inactivación del cromosoma X.

Conclusiones:

  • PARIS proporciona una herramienta versátil para el mapeo global del estructuroma de ARN e interactoma.
  • El estudio descubrió estructuras de ARN extensas y complejas e interacciones previamente no caracterizadas.
  • Las ideas estructurales basadas en PARIS ayudan a comprender la función, la evolución y la regulación del ARN, ejemplificadas por el papel del ARN XIST en el silenciamiento epigenético.