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Soluciones emergentes a los retos del agua en un mundo en proceso de urbanización

Tove A Larsen¹, Sabine Hoffmann², Christoph Lüthi²

¹Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. tove.larsen@eawag.ch.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 21, 2016

Resumen

La gestión urbana del agua se enfrenta a desafíos derivados del envejecimiento de las infraestructuras y del crecimiento de la población. Se necesitan soluciones innovadoras y eficientes para el suministro sostenible de agua, la salud pública y la protección contra inundaciones en las ciudades.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias del medio ambiente
Planificación urbana
Gestión de los recursos hídricos

Sus antecedentes:

La sostenibilidad del agua urbana es fundamental, priorizando el agua potable segura, la salud pública a través de la gestión de aguas residuales y el control de inundaciones.
El envejecimiento de la infraestructura, el crecimiento de la población y la urbanización desafían la gestión del agua urbana existente, especialmente en las ciudades asiáticas y africanas en rápido desarrollo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar los enfoques innovadores en la gestión del agua urbana.
Identificar soluciones alternativas adaptadas a nivel local y eficientes en términos de recursos para los desafíos relacionados con el agua en las ciudades.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura sobre estrategias innovadoras de gestión del agua urbana.
Análisis de ejemplos prometedores en drenaje de aguas pluviales, productividad del agua, tratamiento de aguas residuales, separación de residuos y reformas institucionales.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron conceptos innovadores para el drenaje de aguas pluviales, la mejora de la productividad del agua y el tratamiento descentralizado de las aguas residuales.
Destacó la separación de la fuente de los residuos humanos y las reformas institucionales como estrategias clave.
Reconoció la necesidad de soluciones eficientes en el uso de los recursos y adaptadas a las necesidades locales.

Conclusiones:

Necesidad urgente de esfuerzos transdisciplinarios en la investigación, la política y la práctica.
El desarrollo de estrategias alternativas de gestión del agua urbana es crucial para las ciudades y los ecosistemas acuáticos.
Es esencial centrarse en el suministro sostenible de agua, la salud pública y la protección contra las inundaciones.

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