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Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
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Lesson: Translation
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Programas de traducción mitocondrial y citosólica sincronizados

Mary T Couvillion1, Iliana C Soto1, Gergana Shipkovenska1

  • 1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

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|May 27, 2016
PubMed
Resumen

La producción de energía mitocondrial requiere la coordinación de genes nucleares y mitocondriales. Este estudio revela que el genoma nuclear dirige la traducción mitocondrial y citosólica para una síntesis eficiente del complejo de fosforilación oxidativa.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular
  • Biología molecular
  • La genómica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La fosforilación oxidativa (OXPHOS) es crucial para la producción de energía celular.
  • Los complejos OXPHOS están codificados por genomas nucleares y mitocondriales, lo que plantea un desafío de co-regulación.
  • Los estudios genómicos anteriores han pasado por alto en gran medida la co-regulación de genes mitocondriales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la co-regulación de la expresión génica nuclear y mitocondrial durante la biogénesis mitocondrial.
  • Para explorar cómo Saccharomyces cerevisiae coordina la síntesis de los complejos OXPHOS.
  • Establecer una base para el estudio de la regulación genética global en las mitocondrias.

Principales métodos:

  • Monitoreo de la expresión génica mitocondrial y nuclear en Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Utilizando perfiles genómicos de células enteras durante la biogénesis mitocondrial.
  • Analizando los niveles de transcripción de los genes OXPHOS.

Principales resultados:

  • Los niveles de transcripción de OXPHOS nucleares y mitocondriales no están regulados de manera concordante.
  • La traducción mitocondrial y citosólica se regulan de manera rápida, dinámica y sincrónica.
  • La traducción citosólica controla unidireccionalmente la traducción mitocondrial.

Conclusiones:

  • El genoma nuclear orquesta la traducción mitocondrial y citosólica para la síntesis oportuna del complejo OXPHOS.
  • Esto representa una capa reguladora poco apreciada en la configuración del proteoma mitocondrial.
  • El estudio proporciona un enfoque genómico para los estudios de regulación génica mitocondrial.