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La corteza genética controla la imitación y la criptografía en mariposas y polillas

Nicola J Nadeau^1,2, Carolina Pardo-Diaz³, Annabel Whibley^4,5

¹Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK.

|June 3, 2016

Resumen

Un gen recientemente identificado, la corteza, controla los cambios en el patrón de las alas en mariposas y polillas (Lepidoptera). Este descubrimiento sugiere un mecanismo genético común que subyace a la evolución de diversas coloraciones de alas en muchas especies de insectos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología evolutiva
La genética
Morfología de los insectos

Sus antecedentes:

Los patrones de alas de las mariposas y las polillas (Lepidoptera) son diversos y evolucionan a través de la selección natural.
La coloración del ala de los lepidópteros, compuesta de escamas, es una innovación evolutiva clave.
El control genético de estos patrones y su carácter común entre las especies siguen siendo poco conocidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para identificar la base genética del control del patrón de las alas en los lepidópteros.
Investigar si los mecanismos genéticos para la variación de patrones se conservan en todas las especies.
Para entender el papel de la selección natural en la formación de la coloración de las alas.

Principales métodos:

Se emplearon mapas a escala fina y genómica de poblaciones.
Se realizaron análisis de la expresión génica.
La corteza genética fue identificada como un regulador clave.

Principales resultados:

Se identificó la corteza genética como reguladora de los interruptores de patrón en las mariposas Heliconius.
La corteza pertenece a una subfamilia de genes de rápida evolución, lo que sugiere un papel en el desarrollo de las células de escama y la pigmentación.
Se observaron mecanismos similares en la polilla pimienta (Biston betularia).

Conclusiones:

El gen de la corteza juega un papel importante en el control de la variación del patrón del ala en los lepidópteros.
Este mecanismo genético parece estar conservado en diversas especies de polillas y mariposas.
El gen de la corteza es un objetivo importante de la selección natural para el color de las alas y la evolución del patrón en los insectos.

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