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Mineralización rápida del carbono para la eliminación permanente de las emisiones antropogénicas de dióxido de

Juerg M Matter¹, Martin Stute², Sandra Ó Snæbjörnsdottir³

¹Department of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 11, 2016

Resumen

La captura y almacenamiento de carbono (CCS) ofrece un camino hacia la descarbonización. Este estudio muestra que el CO2 puede mineralizarse permanentemente en rocas basálticas en dos años, significativamente más rápido de lo que se pensaba anteriormente.

Área de la Ciencia:

Geoquímica
Ciencias del medio ambiente
Geología

Sus antecedentes:

La captura y almacenamiento de carbono (CCS, por sus siglas en inglés) es crucial para los esfuerzos mundiales de descarbonización.
La seguridad a largo plazo y la permanencia del almacenamiento de CO2 son fundamentales para la viabilidad del ACC.
El entendimiento actual sugiere que la mineralización de CO2 en formaciones geológicas toma siglos o milenios.

Objetivo del estudio:

Demostrar la eliminación permanente de CO2 como minerales carbonatados en las rocas basálticas.
Investigar la velocidad y la eficiencia de la mineralización de CO2 en las formaciones geológicas.
Desafiar los plazos convencionales para la inmovilización de CO2 a través de la mineralización.

Principales métodos:

Inyección de CO2 en formaciones rocosas basálticas en el sitio de CarbFix en Islandia.
Seguimiento y análisis de la conversión de CO2 en minerales carbonatados.
Análisis geoquímico para confirmar la mineralización y evaluar la permanencia.

Principales resultados:

Más del 95% del CO2 inyectado se mineralizó en minerales carbonatados.
La mineralización ocurrió en menos de dos años, un ritmo significativamente acelerado.
Se ha demostrado la formación de minerales carbonatados ambientalmente benignos para el secuestro de CO2.

Conclusiones:

El almacenamiento permanente de CO2 a través de la mineralización en rocas basálticas se puede lograr en menos de dos años.
Este rápido proceso de mineralización ofrece una solución más rápida y segura para las emisiones antropogénicas de CO2.
Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones significativas para el futuro de las tecnologías de captura y almacenamiento de carbono.

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