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El consumo de combustible en el hogar y la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares: estudio de cohorte de

Sumeet S Mitter¹, Rajesh Vedanthan², Farhad Islami²

¹From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.S.M.); Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.V., V.F.) and Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology (F.I., P.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (F.I., A.P., R.M.); Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (F.I.); International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (H.K., P.B.); Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD (F.K.); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.C.A.); Departments of Oncology and Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK (P.D.P.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (V.F.); and International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France (P.B.). sumeet.mitter@northwestern.edu.

|June 15, 2016

Resumen

La contaminación del aire en los hogares por la quema de combustibles como el queroseno y el diésel está relacionada con mayores tasas de mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares. Este estudio pone de relieve la necesidad de reducir la exposición a estas fuentes de combustible domésticas nocivas a nivel mundial.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud del medio ambiente
Epidemiología cardiovascular
Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

La contaminación del aire en los hogares es un riesgo significativo para la salud mundial.
La evidencia directa que vincula el uso de combustible en el hogar con la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares es limitada.
Este estudio investiga la asociación entre los tipos de combustible doméstico y la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar la relación entre el consumo doméstico de combustible y la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Cuantificar el riesgo asociado a la quema de combustibles específicos para cocinar y calentar.

Principales métodos:

El estudio de cohorte de Golestan incluyó a 50.045 personas en Irán.
Se recogieron datos sobre el consumo de combustible y la exposición de los hogares a lo largo de la vida.
Se utilizaron modelos de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para evaluar los riesgos de mortalidad.

Principales resultados:

La quema de queroseno/diésel se asoció con un aumento de la mortalidad por todas las causas (HR 1, 06) y cardiovascular (HR 1, 11).
Se observaron aumentos significativos en la mortalidad por enfermedad cardíaca isquémica (HR 1,14).
Se observó una tendencia al aumento de la mortalidad por accidentes cerebrovasculares.

Conclusiones:

La exposición de los hogares a combustibles altamente contaminantes aumenta el riesgo de mortalidad por todas las causas y enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Los hallazgos apoyan los esfuerzos mundiales para reducir la exposición a las emisiones nocivas de combustibles domésticos.
Se necesita más investigación para replicar estos hallazgos en todo el mundo.

Palabras clave:

contaminación del aire Ciencias de la salud Enfermedades del corazón la mortalidad el golpe

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