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Puntos brillantes entre los arrecifes de coral del mundo
Nature
|June 17, 2016
Resumen
Los científicos han identificado el arrecife de coral
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología marina
- Biología de la conservación
- Ciencias de la pesca
Sus antecedentes:
- Los arrecifes de coral se enfrentan a un declive estructural y funcional en todo el mundo.
- Se necesitan nuevos enfoques para mantener estos ecosistemas vitales y las poblaciones humanas dependientes.
- La identificación de los puntos atípicos del ecosistema ("puntos brillantes" y "puntos oscuros") ofrece una nueva estrategia de conservación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y analizar sistemáticamente los "puntos claros" y los "puntos oscuros" de los arrecifes de coral a nivel mundial.
- Comprender los factores ambientales y socioeconómicos que influyen en la biomasa de los peces de arrecife.
- Descubrir los factores que contribuyen al éxito de la resiliencia y la degradación del arrecife.
Principales métodos:
- Datos compilados de más de 2.500 arrecifes en todo el mundo.
- Desarrolló un modelo jerárquico bayesiano para predecir la biomasa de peces de arrecife basado en 18 factores.
- Se han identificado "puntos brillantes" y "puntos oscuros" (biomasa > 2 desviaciones estándar de las expectativas).
- Se encuestó a expertos locales sobre las condiciones sociales, institucionales y ambientales en los sitios atípicos.
Principales resultados:
- Identificó 15 puntos brillantes y 35 puntos oscuros entre los arrecifes de coral encuestados.
- Los puntos brillantes no eran exclusivamente remotos; algunos tenían altas poblaciones humanas y uso de recursos.
- Los puntos oscuros incluían sitios remotos y se caracterizaban por la tecnología de pesca intensiva y los choques ambientales.
- Los puntos brillantes exhibieron fuertes instituciones socioculturales, el compromiso de la administración local y la dependencia de los recursos.
Conclusiones:
- La conservación exitosa de los arrecifes de coral ("puntos brillantes") está vinculada a una gobernanza sólida, la participación de la comunidad y las instituciones socioculturales.
- Las inversiones en la gobernanza de la pesca, la participación y los derechos de propiedad pueden fomentar la conservación innovadora.
- La comprensión de los sitios atípicos proporciona información útil para combatir la degradación global de los arrecifes.
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