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La subducción controla la distribución y fragmentación de las placas tectónicas de la Tierra
Nature
|June 17, 2016
Resumen
La tectónica de placas de la Tierra está formada por un bucle de retroalimentación entre la convección del manto y la fuerza de la litosfera. Este proceso dinámico explica la distribución fractal de los tamaños de las placas y su disposición a largo plazo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica
- Tectónica
- Ciencias de la Tierra
Sus antecedentes:
- La teoría de la tectónica de placas describe la superficie de la Tierra como fragmentada en placas grandes y pequeñas.
- Las fuerzas que rigen la distribución del tamaño de las placas y el diseño a largo plazo siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidas.
- Los análisis estadísticos anteriores no lograron vincular el tamaño de la placa con las propiedades de convección litosférica y del manto.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para demostrar un mecanismo de retroalimentación dinámica que controla el diseño de la placa de la Tierra.
- Para explicar cómo la convección del manto y la fuerza de la litosfera determinan la distribución del tamaño de la placa.
- Investigar las fuerzas que impulsan la fragmentación tectónica y la generación de placas.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó modelos esféricos tridimensionales de convección del manto.
- Simulaciones autoconsistentes de las distribuciones de frecuencia del tamaño de las placas que coinciden con las observaciones de la Tierra.
- Analizó el papel de la geometría de subducción y las tensiones inducidas por la zanja.
Principales resultados:
- Diseño de placas modelado impulsado por la retroalimentación dinámica entre la convección del manto y la fuerza de la litosfera.
- La geometría de subducción mostrada dicta la fragmentación tectónica y la generación de placas.
- Identificó el espaciamiento de la losa y las tensiones de flexión de la zanja como factores clave en la fragmentación de la placa.
Conclusiones:
- La distribución observada del tamaño de la placa de la Tierra es un producto de la convección del manto y la interacción de la litosfera.
- La dinámica de subducción es crucial para generar y organizar placas tectónicas.
- Las simulaciones de convección ofrecen información sobre la conexión dinámica entre la tectónica global y el flujo del manto.
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