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RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Modificaciones del ARN mensajero: forma, distribución y función

Wendy V Gilbert¹, Tristan A Bell², Cassandra Schaening³

¹Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. wgilbert@mit.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 18, 2016

Resumen

Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El epitranscriptoma, incluidas las modificaciones del ARNm como la N(6) - metiladenosina (m(6) A, es crucial para la función del ARN. La investigación está avanzando rápidamente en nuestra comprensión de estas marcas dinámicas, su regulación y su papel en los procesos celulares.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Biología molecular
La epigenética
Biología del ARN

Sus antecedentes:

Existen más de 100 modificaciones de ARN, principalmente en ARN no codificantes estables.
Los avances recientes revelan modificaciones generalizadas en los ARN mensajeros (ARNm).
Las modificaciones clave del ARNm incluyen N(6) - metiladenosina (m(6) A), 5-metilcitosina (m(5) C) y pseudouridina (Ψ).

Objetivo del estudio:

Discutir la comprensión en evolución de la ubicación, la regulación y la función de la modificación del ARNm.
Resaltar las diferencias específicas de la especie y de la modificación.
Identificar las futuras direcciones de investigación en el epitranscriptoma.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de los recientes avances técnicos en la investigación del epitranscriptoma.
Análisis de la literatura actual sobre la modificación del ARNm.
Análisis comparativo de las diferentes modificaciones y especies.

Principales resultados:

El epitranscriptoma, que abarca las marcas de ARNm dinámicas, es un campo en rápido desarrollo.
Las modificaciones tienen diversas consecuencias moleculares emergentes.
Las funciones funcionales y reguladoras de las modificaciones m(5) C y Ψ son en gran medida inexploradas.

Conclusiones:

Comprender los patrones de modificación del ARNm es clave para descifrar la regulación génica.
Se necesitan más investigaciones para vincular los efectos moleculares de las modificaciones del ARNm con los fenotipos de los organismos.
Las modificaciones del ARNm son reguladores críticos de los procesos celulares y del desarrollo.