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Un planeta en tránsito del tamaño de Neptuno orbitando una estrella de 5 a 10 millones de años

Trevor J David, Lynne A Hillenbrand, Erik A Petigura

|June 22, 2016

Resumen

Los astrónomos han descubierto un joven planeta parecido a Neptuno orbitando muy cerca de su estrella. Este hallazgo desafía las teorías de formación y migración de planetas en sistemas planetarios jóvenes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Investigación de exoplanetas
Formación de sistemas planetarios
La astrofísica

Sus antecedentes:

Los planetas se forman en discos circumestelares y a menudo migran.
Los planetesimales, los bloques de construcción de los planetas, se forman dentro del primer millón de años de la vida de una estrella.
Los planetas completamente formados a menudo se encuentran en órbitas cortas alrededor de estrellas maduras, lo que sugiere migración.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la formación y migración de planetas en sistemas planetarios jóvenes.
Para informar sobre el descubrimiento de un planeta recién nacido en tránsito en una órbita cercana.
Para probar las teorías sobre la formación de planetas in situ frente a la migración a gran escala.

Principales métodos:

Observación de un planeta en tránsito utilizando técnicas astronómicas.
Caracterización del tamaño y la masa del planeta.
Análisis de la edad de la estrella anfitriona y el disco de polvo circundante.

Principales resultados:

Descubrimiento de una estrella de 5 a 10 millones de años con un planeta en tránsito.
El planeta tiene un período orbital de 5,4 días, es un 50% más grande que Neptuno y tiene una masa probablemente similar a Neptuno.
La estrella alberga un tenue disco de polvo y un planeta completamente formado en una órbita muy cercana (< 0,05 UA).

Conclusiones:

La existencia de un planeta completamente formado en una órbita tan cercana alrededor de una estrella joven desafía los modelos convencionales de formación y migración de planetas.
Este descubrimiento proporciona evidencia crucial para comprender la evolución temprana de los sistemas planetarios.
Sugiere que el ensamblaje de planetas en pequeñas separaciones orbitales podría ser más común de lo que se pensaba anteriormente.

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