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La ingesta dietética entre los adultos de los Estados Unidos, 1999-2012
Colin D Rehm1, José L Peñalvo2, Ashkan Afshin3
1Office of Community and Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York2Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA
|June 22, 2016
Resumen
Los adultos estadounidenses mostraron una mejor calidad de la dieta de 1999 a 2012, con un aumento de granos enteros y nueces, y una disminución de bebidas endulzadas con azúcar. Sin embargo, las disparidades en la calidad de la dieta persistieron o empeoraron entre los grupos raciales/étnicos y los niveles de ingresos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la nutrición
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La mayoría de los estudios de tendencias dietéticas estadounidenses se centran en los macronutrientes, descuidando la calidad integral de la dieta.
- Comprender las tendencias en la calidad general de la dieta y las disparidades es crucial para las iniciativas de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar las tendencias en la calidad general de la dieta y los componentes específicos de la dieta entre los adultos estadounidenses.
- Examinar estas tendencias en varios subgrupos sociodemográficos, incluidos la edad, el sexo, la raza / etnia, la educación y los ingresos.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos de 7 ciclos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (NHANES, por sus siglas en inglés) (1999-2012).
- Se analizaron los recuerdos dietéticos de 24 horas de 33.932 adultos no institucionalizados de los Estados Unidos (≥20 años).
- Se evaluaron las puntuaciones de la dieta de la Asociación Americana del Corazón (AHA) 2020 y el consumo individual de alimentos / nutrientes.
Principales resultados:
- La calidad general de la dieta mejoró, con puntuaciones más altas de la Asociación Americana del Corazón (AHA, por sus siglas en inglés).
- Aumento del consumo de granos enteros, frutos secos y frutas enteras; disminución de la ingesta de bebidas azucaradas.
- Las disparidades de calidad de la dieta persistieron o empeoraron por raza / etnia, educación e ingresos, con una mejora limitada para los adultos blancos no hispanos.
Conclusiones:
- Los adultos estadounidenses demostraron algunas mejoras en la dieta entre 1999 y 2012.
- Las diferencias significativas en la calidad de la dieta siguen existiendo y pueden estar empeorando.
- Los resultados ponen de relieve los éxitos y las áreas que necesitan intervenciones específicas para mejorar la salud dietética de la población.
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