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Catéteres centrales insertados periféricamente frente a cánulas periféricas para la administración de nutrición

Sean B Ainsworth¹, William McGuire²

¹Neonatal Services, National Health Service Fife, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, Scotland.

|June 22, 2016

Resumen

La nutrición parenteral con catéteres centrales insertados perifericamente (PICC) en los recién nacidos mejora la administración de nutrientes y reduce la necesidad de líneas adicionales. Los PICC no están relacionados con tasas de infección más altas en comparación con las cánulas periféricas cortas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Cuidados intensivos neonatales
Nutrición pediátrica
Dispositivos de acceso vascular

Sus antecedentes:

La nutrición parenteral (PN) es crucial para los recién nacidos que no pueden recibir alimentación enteral.
Las cánulas periféricas cortas tienen limitaciones para proporcionar una NPP adecuada a largo plazo.
Los catéteres centrales insertados perifericamente (PICC) ofrecen una alternativa potencial para la administración de PN.

Objetivo del estudio:

Comparar la eficacia y la seguridad de la PN administrada a través de PICC frente a las cánulas periféricas cortas en neonatos.
Evaluar las diferencias en el suministro de nutrientes, el crecimiento y los eventos adversos entre los dos métodos de acceso.

Principales métodos:

Estudio comparativo en el que se analiza la transmisión de la PN a través de PICC y cánulas periféricas cortas.
Evaluación de la ingesta de nutrientes, los parámetros de crecimiento y la incidencia de eventos adversos, incluidas las infecciones.
Revisión de las colocaciones posteriores de dispositivos de acceso vascular.

Principales resultados:

La nutrición parenteral a través de PICC demostró una entrega de nutrientes superior en comparación con las cánulas periféricas cortas.
Los recién nacidos que reciben PN a través de PICC requieren menos catéteres o cánulas posteriores.
No se observó un aumento significativo de las tasas de infecciones invasivas con el uso de PICC.

Conclusiones:

La PN basada en PICC se asocia con un mejor apoyo nutricional y una menor necesidad de re-acceso en neonatos.
El uso de PICC en neonatos es una alternativa segura sin un mayor riesgo de infección.
Las PICC representan una estrategia de acceso vascular eficaz para la nutrición parenteral neonatal.

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