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Reverberación relativista en el flujo de acreción de un evento de interrupción de marea
Nature
|June 25, 2016
Resumen
Este estudio revela la reverberación de rayos X de los fotones de hierro Kα en un evento de interrupción de marea, ofreciendo información sobre el espacio-tiempo del agujero negro supermasivo. Este hallazgo ayuda a caracterizar la mayoría de los agujeros negros inactivos, no sólo los activos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La astrofísica
- Relatividad general
- Física de los agujeros negros
Sus antecedentes:
- La comprensión actual de los agujeros negros supermasivos se basa en sistemas de acreción activa, una pequeña fracción de la población total.
- Los sesgos de selección en las observaciones de agujeros negros activos pueden no representar la mayoría de los agujeros negros en el Universo.
- Los eventos de interrupción de marea ofrecen una sonda única e imparcial de entornos de agujero negro dormidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el espacio-tiempo alrededor de los agujeros negros supermasivos dormidos usando eventos de interrupción de marea.
- Para detectar y analizar la emisión del flujo de acreción interior, permitiendo la medición del giro del agujero negro.
- Desafiar las suposiciones anteriores sobre el origen de los rayos X en los eventos de interrupción de marea.
Principales métodos:
- Observación del evento de interrupción de las mareas Swift J1644+57.
- Análisis de las señales de reverberación de los fotones de hierro Kα desplazados gravitacionalmente hacia el rojo.
- Estimación de la masa del agujero negro y la tasa de acreción basada en la escala de tiempo de reverberación.
Principales resultados:
- Detección de la reverberación de los fotones de hierro Kα desplazados gravitacionalmente hacia el rojo reflejados en el flujo de acreción interior.
- Estimación de la masa de un agujero negro de unos pocos millones de masas solares.
- La tasa de acreción inferida excede 100 veces el límite de Eddington para este evento súper-Eddington.
Conclusiones:
- La reverberación observada confirma la emisión del flujo de acreción interno, no las regiones de chorro relativistas.
- Este estudio proporciona datos cruciales sobre el espacio-tiempo y el giro de un agujero negro supermasivo inactivo.
- Los eventos de interrupción de marea son valiosos para estudiar la mayoría de los agujeros negros, ofreciendo información sobre los efectos relativistas y la física de la acreción.
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