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In classical mechanics, the two-body problem is one of the fundamental problems describing the motion of two interacting bodies under gravity or any other central force. When considering the motion of two bodies, one of the most important concepts is the reduced mass coordinates, a quantity that allows the two-body problem to be solved like a single-body problem. In these circumstances, it is assumed that a single body with reduced mass revolves around another body fixed in a position with an...
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Explorando la transición de localización de muchos cuerpos en dos dimensiones

Jae-yoon Choi1, Sebastian Hild2, Johannes Zeiher2

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany. jae-yoon.choi@mpq.mpg.de.

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Resumen

Los investigadores observaron una transición de localización de muchos cuerpos en los bosones dentro de una red óptica desordenada. Este hallazgo desafía la suposición de termialización en sistemas cuánticos de muchos cuerpos y revela una escala de longitud divergente en la transición.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La física cuántica
  • Mecánica estadística
  • Física de la materia condensada

Sus antecedentes:

  • Un principio básico en la física estadística es que los sistemas cuánticos de muchos cuerpos alcanzan naturalmente el equilibrio térmico.
  • El descubrimiento de la localización de muchos cuerpos (MBL) ha planteado preguntas sobre esta suposición fundamental.
  • MBL sugiere que ciertos sistemas cuánticos pueden no termizar debido a fuertes trastornos e interacciones.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar experimentalmente la transición entre las fases térmica y localizada en un sistema cuántico de muchos cuerpos.
  • Explorar el fenómeno de la localización de muchos cuerpos en una red óptica desordenada bidimensional.
  • Caracterizar la dinámica y el comportamiento crítico cerca de la transición de localización de muchos cuerpos.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizando una red óptica desordenada en dos dimensiones para albergar partículas cuánticas bosónicas.
  • Preparar un patrón inicial de densidad fuera de equilibrio en el sistema.
  • El uso de mediciones de resolución en un solo sitio para rastrear la dinámica de relajación del sistema a lo largo del tiempo.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observó una clara transición entre las fases térmica y localizada para los bosones.
  • Proporcionó evidencia de una escala de longitud divergente a medida que el sistema se acerca a la transición de localización.
  • Demostró la localización de muchos cuerpos en un régimen más allá de las capacidades de las simulaciones clásicas actuales.

Conclusiones:

  • Los resultados experimentales confirman la existencia de una transición de localización de muchos cuerpos en este sistema bosónico.
  • Los hallazgos desafían la universalidad de la termialización en sistemas cuánticos cerrados de muchos cuerpos.
  • Este trabajo abre nuevas vías para estudiar los fenómenos de localización cuántica en sistemas complejos que interactúan.