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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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Una revisión clínica de la diarrea persistente

Herbert L DuPont1

  • 1University of Texas School of Public Health and Medical School, Houston2Kelsey Research Foundation, Houston, Texas3Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

JAMA
|July 1, 2016
PubMed
Resumen

La diarrea persistente, que dura más de 14 días, a menudo proviene de agentes infecciosos diferentes a los casos agudos. El diagnóstico preciso es crucial para el tratamiento efectivo de esta condición poco reconocida.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Microbiología médica
  • Enfermedades infecciosas
  • Gastroenterología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las enfermedades diarreicas son comunes, pero la diarrea persistente (≥14 días) tiene etiologías distintas.
  • La comprensión de estas causas es vital para el tratamiento clínico adecuado y los resultados del paciente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar la epidemiología, la etiología, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la diarrea persistente causada por agentes infecciosos.
  • Resaltar la importancia de un diagnóstico preciso para un tratamiento eficaz en personas inmunocompetentes en todo el mundo.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de los datos de los estudios realizados en los países en desarrollo y sobre los viajeros.
  • Identificación de patógenos parásitos y bacterianos comunes y poco comunes.

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  • Discusión de los métodos de diagnóstico, incluidos los dependientes del cultivo, los independientes del cultivo (PCR) y la microscopía.

    • Principales resultados:

    • La diarrea persistente afecta a aproximadamente el 3% de los viajeros a los países en desarrollo.
    • Los patógenos clave incluyen Giardia, Cryptosporidium, E. coli enteroagregativo y Shigella.
    • Las especies de Schistosoma son causas raras que se encuentran en áreas endémicas.

    Conclusiones:

    • La diarrea persistente es un síndrome poco reconocido que requiere una evaluación exhaustiva.
    • El diagnóstico etiológico preciso es esencial para el éxito de la intervención terapéutica y la mejora de los síntomas.