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El mecanismo de la captura de ARN 5′ con NAD+, NADH y desfosfo-CoA
Nature
|July 8, 2016
Resumen
El ARN bacteriano adquiere capas de nicotinamida adenina dinucleótido (NAD+) o 3′-desfosfo-coenzima A (dpCoA) durante el inicio de la transcripción, no después. Este mecanismo no canónico de iniciación de nucleótidos (NCIN) se produce in vivo e impacta en la función del ARN.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología molecular
- La bioquímica
- La genética
Sus antecedentes:
- El extremo 5' del ARN influye significativamente en su estabilidad, procesamiento, localización y traducción.
- La regulación epitranscriptómica implica modificaciones como la tapa de 5′ que se encuentra en el ARN eucariótico.
- Se han observado ARN bacterianos con extremos 5′ que se asemejan a las tapas eucarióticas, como el dinucleótido de nicotinamida adenina (NAD+) o la 3′-desfosfocoenzima A (dpCoA).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para dilucidar el mecanismo de la incorporación de NAD+, NADH y dpCoA en el ARN bacteriano.
- Para determinar si estas tapas se añaden después de la transcripción o durante la iniciación de la transcripción.
- Investigar las bases estructurales y las consecuencias funcionales de este proceso de limitación.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó ARN polimerasa (RNAP) de fuentes tanto bacterianas como eucariotas (RNAP II).
- Analizó el papel de las secuencias de ADN promotor en la regulación de la eficiencia del límite.
- Determinación de la ocurrencia in vivo y el impacto funcional de la limitación de nucleótidos iniciadores no canónicos (NCIN).
- Estructuras cristalinas obtenidas de complejos de iniciación de transcripción con ARN cubierto por NCIN.
Principales resultados:
- Se demostró que el NAD+, el NADH y el dpCoA se incorporan como nucleótidos iniciadores no canónicos (NCIN) durante la iniciación de la transcripción de novo por el RNAP.
- Se demostró que tanto el RNAP II bacteriano como el eucariótico pueden incorporar tapas NCIN.
- Se han identificado las secuencias de ADN promotor como determinantes clave de la eficiencia del límite NCIN.
- Se ha confirmado que la limitación de la NCIN se produce in vivo y tiene consecuencias funcionales.
- Se proporcionan estructuras cristalinas que revelan el mecanismo y la base estructural del tope NCIN.
Conclusiones:
- La limitación de la NCIN es un proceso ab initio que ocurre durante la iniciación de la transcripción, no una modificación post-transcripcional.
- Este mecanismo, que involucra NAD +, NADH y dpCoA, se conserva en el RNAP II bacteriano y eucariótico.
- La secuencia del promotor dicta la eficiencia de la limitación del NCIN.
- La limitación ab initio mediada por el NCIN puede ser un mecanismo de regulación generalizado en todos los ámbitos de la vida.
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