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Los microbios intestinales humanos afectan el metaboloma sérico del huésped y la sensibilidad a la insulina
Nature
|July 14, 2016
Resumen
El microbioma intestinal humano influye en la resistencia a la insulina mediante la alteración de los metabolitos séricos. Las bacterias específicas como Prevotella copri pueden impulsar este vínculo, lo que sugiere objetivos microbianos para la salud metabólica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación del microbioma
- Metabolomía
- Fisiología humana
Sus antecedentes:
- La resistencia a la insulina es un precursor de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y la diabetes tipo 2.
- El papel del microbioma intestinal en la salud metabólica es cada vez más reconocido.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto del microbioma intestinal humano en el metaboloma sérico.
- Explorar la asociación entre las bacterias intestinales, los metabolitos séricos y la resistencia a la insulina en personas no diabéticas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la composición del metaboloma sérico y del microbioma intestinal en 277 individuos daneses.
- Análisis de correlación entre el contenido de genes microbianos, los niveles séricos de metabolitos (específicamente los aminoácidos de cadena ramificada - BCAA) y la resistencia a la insulina.
- Estudios in vivo con modelos de ratón para comprobar el papel causal de Prevotella copri.
Principales resultados:
- Los individuos resistentes a la insulina exhibieron niveles elevados de BCAA en suero, vinculados a un microbioma intestinal enriquecido con genes de biosíntesis de BCAA y carentes de genes transportadores de BCAA.
- Se identificó a Prevotella copri y Bacteroides vulgatus como especies clave asociadas con el metabolismo de los BCAA y la resistencia a la insulina.
- La administración de P. copri en ratones indujo resistencia a la insulina, alteración de la tolerancia a la glucosa y aumento de los BCAA circulantes.
Conclusiones:
- El microbioma intestinal influye significativamente en el metaboloma sérico y está asociado con la resistencia a la insulina.
- Especies bacterianas específicas y sus vías metabólicas, particularmente la biosíntesis de BCAA por P. copri, juegan un papel causal en la resistencia a la insulina.
- Dirigirse a las vías microbianas ofrece una estrategia potencial para mitigar la resistencia a la insulina y las enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares relacionadas.
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