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In a precipitation reaction, aqueous solutions of soluble salts react to give an insoluble ionic compound – the precipitate. The reaction occurs when oppositely charged ions in solution overcome their attraction for water and bind to each other, forming a precipitate that separates out from the solution. Since such reactions involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solution, they are also referred to as double displacement, double replacement, exchange reactions, or...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
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The radical dimerization of ketones or aldehydes gives vicinal diols through a pinacol coupling reaction. However, the behavior of titanium metals used for the reaction as a source of electrons is unusual. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of titanium, diols can be isolated at low temperatures. Else titanium further reacts with diols, forming alkenes through the McMurry reaction.
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Titanosilicatos con fuertes respuestas de segunda generación armónica con coincidencia de fase

Tzu-Ling Chao1, Wen-Jung Chang1, Shu-Han Wen1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, National Central University , Zhongli, Taiwan 320, R.O.C.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 15, 2016
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores desarrollaron nuevos cristales de titanosilicato para aplicaciones láser avanzadas. Estos nuevos materiales ópticos no lineales presentan excelentes propiedades de duplicación de frecuencias, ofreciendo alternativas prometedoras para los avances tecnológicos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Química del estado sólido
  • Optoelectrónica y sus derivados

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los materiales ópticos no lineales (NLO) son cruciales para la tecnología láser.
  • Los materiales NLO existentes incluyen óxidos, fosfatos, boratos y fluoroboratos.
  • No se ha informado previamente de silicatos de metales de transición con propiedades útiles de NLO.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Sintetizar y caracterizar nuevos materiales de silicato de metales de transición con propiedades potenciales de NLO.
  • Explorar las características estructurales y ópticas de los nuevos titanosilicatos.
  • Evaluar la idoneidad de estos materiales para aplicaciones de duplicación de frecuencia.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de cristales mediante flujo y método hidrotermal supercrítico.
  • Análisis estructural de los titanosilicatos sintetizados.
  • Evaluación de las propiedades de la segunda generación armónica (SHG).

Principales resultados:

  • Se han sintetizado con éxito dos nuevos titanosilicatos: Li2K4[(TiO) Si4O12] y Li2Rb4[(TiO) Si4O12].
  • Se han descubierto estructuras estructurales 3D únicas con pirámides de TiO5 comprimidas que forman cadenas de TiO infinitas.
  • Demostrado que estos materiales poseen atributos clave para una eficiente generación de segundo armónico.

Conclusiones:

  • Los nuevos titanosilicatos exhiben propiedades ópticas no lineales prometedoras.
  • Estos materiales son candidatos atractivos para aplicaciones de duplicación de frecuencia en la tecnología láser.
  • Los hallazgos abren nuevas vías para el diseño de materiales NLO avanzados basados en silicatos de metales de transición.