Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Mar 17, 2026
07:58
Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
Published on: August 7, 2017
10.0K
Colapso gradual de la caldera en el volcán Bárdarbunga, Islandia, regulado por el flujo lateral de magma
Magnús T Gudmundsson1, Kristín Jónsdóttir2, Andrew Hooper3
1Nordvulk, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland. mtg@hi.is.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 16, 2016
Resumen
Las grandes erupciones volcánicas y los colapsos de la caldera son raros. Este estudio revela cómo la retirada de magma de un depósito profundo inició el colapso y la erupción de la caldera Bárdarbunga en 2014-2015.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica
- Volcanología
- Geoquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- La formación de calderas a través del colapso del techo del depósito de magma de la corteza es común en grandes erupciones volcánicas.
- Pocos colapsos de caldera ocurren anualmente, lo que limita la observación detallada y la comprensión de la dinámica de erupción-colapso.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la interacción mecánica entre el colapso y la erupción durante el evento de la caldera Bárdarbunga 2014-2015.
- Para aclarar los procesos que impulsan el colapso de la caldera y la disminución de la intensidad de la erupción.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos geofísicos y geoquímicos de varios parámetros.
- Analizó el colapso de 110 km2 y 65 m de profundidad de la caldera Bárdarbunga (2014-2015).
Principales resultados:
- Colapso de la caldera iniciado por la retirada de magma de un depósito de 12 km de profundidad.
- La migración lateral de magma ocurrió a través de un dique de 48 km de largo.
- La presión subterránea y las propiedades de la trayectoria de flujo explican la disminución gradual, casi exponencial, de la velocidad de colapso y la intensidad de la erupción.
Conclusiones:
- El evento Bárdarbunga proporciona un estudio de caso raro y detallado de la mecánica del colapso de la caldera.
- Comprender las interacciones entre el depósito de magma y el dique es crucial para predecir el comportamiento de la erupción y la evaluación del peligro.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:30Underflow Gates
508
Underflow gates are vital for controlling water flow in irrigation canals. The three main types of underflow gates — vertical, radial, and drum gates — serve different purposes while ensuring effective flow management. Vertical gates move up and down, generating a free-flowing water jet; radial gates pivot to regulate the flow; and drum gates rotate for precise adjustments. The flow through these gates is influenced by downstream conditions, resulting in free or drowned outflow.Free and...
508
01:24Carbonation Shrinkage
541
Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction...
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction...
541
01:24Rapidly Varying Flow
608
Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
608
01:29Gradually Varying Flow
510
Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
510
01:13Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble
3.7K
The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
3.7K
01:19Design Example: Maintaining Level of an Embankment
506
Constructing a roadway embankment over uneven terrain requires precise leveling to ensure stability and proper drainage. Surveyors use a leveling instrument and staff to calculate ground elevations and determine the required fill material at each point along the embankment alignment.The process begins by positioning a leveling instrument near a benchmark with a known elevation. A backsight reading establishes the instrument height, which serves as a reference for subsequent measurements. A...
506