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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
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Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays
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Transporte de aniones con enlaces de calcógeno

Sebastian Benz1, Mariano Macchione1, Quentin Verolet1

  • 1Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva , CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 20, 2016
PubMed
Resumen

Se desarrollaron transportadores de aniones sintéticos que utilizan enlaces de calcógeno. Ditieno deficiente en electrones [3,2-b;2]

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química supramolecular
  • Química orgánica
  • Biología Química

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los transportadores de aniones son cruciales para los procesos biológicos y la química sintética.
  • Los transportadores de corriente a menudo se basan en enlaces de hidrógeno o interacciones de pares solitarios.
  • El desarrollo de nuevos motivos de reconocimiento de aniones es esencial para avanzar en el campo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Introducir nuevos transportadores de aniones sintéticos basados en enlaces de calcógeno.
  • Investigar la eficacia de los ditio[3,2-b;2',3'-d]tiofenos (DTT) como anionoforos.
  • Correlacionar las propiedades electrónicas de los DTT con sus capacidades de enlace y transporte de aniones.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de derivados de diitio [3,2-b;2',3'-d] con déficit de electrones.
  • Estudios de unión de aniones en solución mediante técnicas espectroscópicas.
  • Ensayos de transporte de aniones a través de las bicapas de lípidos artificiales.

Principales resultados:

  • Los ditio[3,2-b;2',3'-d]tiofenos se unen efectivamente a los aniones a través de enlaces de calcógeno en los átomos de azufre.
  • La afinidad de unión de aniones y la eficiencia de transporte se correlacionan con la profundidad de los agujeros σ de azufre.
  • Se ha demostrado el transporte exitoso de aniones a través de las bicapas lipídicas utilizando transportadores basados en DTT.

Conclusiones:

  • Los diitio[3,2-b;2',3'-d]tiofenos representan un andamio privilegiado para la ingeniería de transportadores de aniones basados en enlaces de calcógeno.
  • Este trabajo expande el conjunto de herramientas de las estrategias de reconocimiento de aniones más allá de los enlaces de hidrógeno tradicionales y las interacciones de pares solitarios.
  • Los hallazgos allanan el camino para nuevos sistemas funcionales que utilizan enlaces de calcógeno para la manipulación de aniones.