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La carga económica de la inactividad física: un análisis global de las principales enfermedades no transmisibles

Ding Ding¹, Kenny D Lawson², Tracy L Kolbe-Alexander³

¹Prevention Research Collaboration/the Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.

Lancet (London, England)

|August 1, 2016

Resumen

La inactividad física cuesta a los sistemas de salud globales 53.800 millones de dólares anuales, contribuyendo a enfermedades significativas y pérdida de productividad. Dar prioridad a la actividad física es crucial para reducir las enfermedades no transmisibles y su impacto económico.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud pública
Economía de la salud
Epidemiología

Sus antecedentes:

La inactividad física es una pandemia mundial relacionada con enfermedades crónicas y mortalidad prematura.
La carga económica de la inactividad física ha permanecido en gran medida no cuantificada a nivel mundial.
Comprender este impacto económico es vital para priorizar los recursos y motivar las iniciativas globales de actividad física.

Objetivo del estudio:

Cuantificar la carga económica global de la inactividad física.
Estimar los costos directos de atención médica, las pérdidas de productividad y los años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (DALY) atribuibles a la inactividad física.
Proporcionar pruebas para priorizar la promoción de la actividad física.

Principales métodos:

Estimación de los costes directos de la asistencia sanitaria y de los ADAC para las principales enfermedades (enfermedad coronaria, accidente cerebrovascular, diabetes tipo 2, cáncer de mama y de colon) relacionadas con la inactividad física.
Pérdidas de productividad calculadas utilizando un enfoque de costo de fricción para la mortalidad relacionada con la inactividad física.
Se utilizaron datos nacionales de prevalencia de inactividad física de 142 países, ajustando las fracciones atribuibles a la población (PAF).

Principales resultados:

La inactividad física generó un estimado de 53.800 millones de dólares en costos de atención médica en todo el mundo en 2013.
Los costos atribuidos incluyeron 31.200 millones de dólares públicos, 12.900 millones de dólares privados y 9.700 millones de dólares en gastos domésticos.
Resultó en $ 13.7 mil millones en pérdidas de productividad y 13.4 millones de DALY en todo el mundo.

Conclusiones:

La inactividad física impone una carga económica sustancial más allá de la morbilidad y la mortalidad prematura.
Los países de ingresos altos soportan una mayor parte de los costos económicos, mientras que los países de ingresos bajos y medios enfrentan una mayor carga de enfermedades.
Este estudio subraya la necesidad de dar prioridad a la promoción de la actividad física regular a nivel mundial para combatir las enfermedades no transmisibles.

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