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La detección combinada de señales de hambre y sed equilibra el consumo de azúcar y agua
Nicholas Jourjine1, Brendan C Mullaney1, Kevin Mann1
1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Cell
|August 2, 2016
Resumen
Los científicos han identificado cuatro neuronas en las moscas de la fruta que equilibran la ingesta de azúcar y agua. La activación de estas neuronas aumenta el consumo de azúcar mientras disminuye la ingesta de agua, y viceversa, revelando un nuevo mecanismo para regular el hambre y la sed.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Fisiología
- Biología molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- Los impulsos homeostáticos para el consumo de alimentos y agua son fundamentales para la supervivencia.
- Si bien se estudian los mecanismos del hambre y la sed, su interacción sigue siendo menos comprendida.
- Investigar la base neuronal de cómo se coordinan estos impulsos es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar neuronas específicas que regulan el consumo de alimentos y agua.
- Para aclarar los mecanismos moleculares y neuronales que subyacen a la interacción entre el hambre y la sed.
- Comprender cómo se integran las señales internas de disponibilidad de nutrientes y agua.
Principales métodos:
- Estudios genéticos moleculares en Drosophila melanogaster.
- Ensayos de comportamiento para el consumo de alimentos y agua.
- Estudios anatómicos y imágenes de calcio.
- Identificación de los receptores hormonales y los canales iónicos.
Principales resultados:
- Identificó cuatro neuronas que modulan el consumo de azúcar y agua de manera opuesta.
- Se ha demostrado que la activación promueve la ingesta de azúcar e inhibe la ingesta de agua.
- Se demostró que la inactivación promueve la ingesta de agua e inhibe la ingesta de azúcar.
- Se reveló la regulación directa de estas neuronas por las señales hormonales de los nutrientes y la osmolalidad.
Conclusiones:
- Una pequeña población de neuronas interoceptivas integra señales internas para equilibrar el consumo de azúcar y agua.
- Estas neuronas proporcionan un elegante mecanismo para regular de manera opuesta los impulsos homeostáticos.
- Los hallazgos ofrecen información sobre el control neuronal de los comportamientos de alimentación y bebida.
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