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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Nodal analysis is a fundamental method in electrical engineering used to simplify the process of circuit analysis. This method revolves around the concept of using node voltages as the primary variables for circuit analysis. The objective is to determine the voltage at each node in a circuit, which can then be used to find other quantities of interest, such as currents through specific components.
Consider, for instance, a simple circuit composed of three nodes and three resistors, as shown in...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Metales de la cadena nodal

Tomáš Bzdušek1, QuanSheng Wu1,2, Andreas Rüegg1

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

Nature
|August 25, 2016
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores descubrieron un nuevo tipo de fermión topológico, la cadena nodal, en los metales. Esta nueva excitación, distinta de las cuasipartículas conocidas, tiene requisitos de simetría únicos y se predice en el tetrafluoruro de iridio (IrF4).

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física de la materia condensada
  • Física del estado sólido
  • Materiales topológicos

Sus antecedentes:

  • La teoría de bandas describe con éxito los niveles de energía electrónica en los sólidos.
  • La caracterización topológica de los metales revela cuasipartículas fermiónicas.
  • Las clasificaciones existentes de las cuasipartículas son incompletas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para describir un tipo de excitación fermiónica no reconocido previamente en metales.
  • Para probar la distinción topológica de esta nueva excitación.
  • Identificar los materiales y los requisitos de simetría para su realización.

Principales métodos:

  • Descripción teórica de las estructuras de banda electrónica.
  • Análisis topológico de las funciones de onda electrónicas.
  • Investigación de las propiedades de simetría en el espacio del momento.

Principales resultados:

  • Identificación de una excitación de "cadena nodal" donde las bandas de conducción y valencia se tocan.
  • Prueba de la distinción topológica de la cadena nodal de las excitaciones conocidas.
  • Predicción de los fermiones de cadena nodal en el tetrafluoruro de iridio (IrF4) y compuestos relacionados.

Conclusiones:

  • Los fermiones de cadena nodal representan una nueva clase de excitaciones topológicas en metales.
  • Requisitos específicos de simetría rigen su apariencia.
  • La realización prevista en IrF4 y las propiedades anómalas de magnetotransporte asociadas justifican una mayor investigación experimental.