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La orientación de los subsidios de salud a través de un mecanismo no de precios: un ensayo controlado aleatorizado en
Pascaline Dupas1, Vivian Hoffmann2, Michael Kremer3
1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. Cambridge, MA, USA. pdupas@stanford.edu v.hoffmann@cgiar.org mkremer@fas.harvard.edu alix.zwane@globalinnovation.fund.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 27, 2016
Resumen
Un nuevo sistema de cupones para el tratamiento gratuito de agua con cloro en países de bajos ingresos redujo significativamente el desperdicio de productos. Este enfoque mejoró el acceso de los hogares necesitados al tiempo que minimizó la sobreinclusión y la sobreexclusión de recursos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Economía de la salud
- Tratamiento del agua
Sus antecedentes:
- La provisión gratuita de productos sanitarios preventivos puede mejorar el acceso en las naciones de bajos ingresos.
- Existen preocupaciones con respecto al desperdicio de recursos (sobreinclusión) y la exclusión de personas necesitadas (sobreexclusión) con modelos de distribución gratuita.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar un mecanismo de cribado que combine el suministro gratuito de la solución de cloro con un coste no monetario (vales domésticos).
- Evaluar el impacto de este sistema de cupones en la utilización de los productos y la eficiencia de los recursos en comparación con la distribución gratuita incondicional.
Principales métodos:
- Se llevó a cabo un ensayo controlado aleatorio para comparar un sistema de distribución basado en cupones con un programa estándar de distribución gratuita.
- El estudio midió la cantidad de cloro obtenida y la proporción de hogares con residuos de cloro detectables en el agua almacenada.
Principales resultados:
- El mecanismo de cupones redujo la adquisición de cloro en 60 puntos porcentuales en relación con la distribución sin cupones.
- La proporción de hogares con residuos positivos de cloro en el agua almacenada disminuyó sólo un punto porcentual.
Conclusiones:
- El mecanismo de selección basado en cupones ofrece una compensación sustancialmente mejorada entre la sobreinclusión y la sobreexclusión.
- Este enfoque mejora la eficiencia de la distribución de productos sanitarios preventivos en entornos con recursos limitados.
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