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Efectos opuestos del metabolismo en ayunas en la tolerancia tisular en la inflamación bacteriana y viral

Andrew Wang¹, Sarah C Huen², Harding H Luan³

¹Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

|September 10, 2016

Resumen

Los comportamientos de enfermedad como la anorexia juegan un papel crucial en la defensa del huésped contra las infecciones. Este estudio revela que la anorexia protege contra las infecciones bacterianas pero ayuda a la recuperación de las infecciones virales, destacando las distintas necesidades metabólicas durante la enfermedad.

Área de la Ciencia:

Inmunología
Las vías metabólicas
Interacciones huésped-patógeno

Sus antecedentes:

Los comportamientos de enfermedad, incluida la anorexia, son síntomas comunes de infecciones agudas.
El papel preciso de estos comportamientos en la defensa del huésped sigue siendo en gran medida desconocido.
Comprender estos roles es crucial para desarrollar tratamientos efectivos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar el papel de la anorexia en la defensa del huésped durante las infecciones bacterianas y virales.
Para aclarar los requisitos metabólicos asociados con los comportamientos de la enfermedad.
Determinar el impacto de la suplementación nutricional y el metabolismo de la glucosa en los resultados de la infección.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron modelos de ratón de sepsis bacteriana y infección por el virus de la gripe.
Suplementación nutricional y manipulación del metabolismo de la glucosa.
Se evaluó la supervivencia del huésped, la carga patógena y los marcadores inflamatorios.

Principales resultados:

La anorexia fue protectora en la sepsis bacteriana, mientras que la suplementación nutricional fue perjudicial.
La glucosa era necesaria y suficiente para los efectos protectores de la anorexia en las infecciones bacterianas.
La suplementación nutricional protegió contra la mortalidad en las infecciones virales, mientras que el bloqueo de la utilización de glucosa fue letal.
Se observaron requisitos metabólicos opuestos críticos para la adaptación al estrés celular y la tolerancia a la inflamación.

Conclusiones:

La anorexia juega un papel dicotómico en la defensa del huésped, siendo beneficiosa en las infecciones bacterianas y perjudicial en las infecciones virales.
Las adaptaciones metabólicas, particularmente la utilización de glucosa, son críticas para la tolerancia diferencial al estado inflamatorio.
Los hallazgos sugieren estrategias terapéuticas distintas para las infecciones bacterianas versus virales basadas en intervenciones metabólicas.

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