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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Distribución de glaciares y volátiles observados en Plutón a partir de procesos de topografía atmosférica

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias planetarias
  • Ciencias atmosféricas
  • Geología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Plutón exhibe diversas heladas superficiales y formas de relieve, incluido el glaciar Sputnik Planitia rico en nitrógeno.
  • Los hielos volátiles como el metano y la helada de nitrógeno se observan en las latitudes de Plutón, con distribuciones variables.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para simular la evolución a largo plazo de nitrógeno, metano y monóxido de carbono en Plutón.
  • Investigar el origen del glaciar Sputnik Planitia y explicar las distribuciones de hielo volátil observadas.

Principales métodos:

  • Simulaciones numéricas de la evolución volátil durante miles de años.
  • Modelado de las interacciones atmosférico-topográficas y ciclos de heladas estacionales.

Principales resultados:

  • Las simulaciones predicen la acumulación de hielo N2 en la cuenca de Sputnik Planitia, consistente con el aumento de la presión atmosférica.
  • Los modelos reproducen las cantidades volátiles observadas y la cobertura de heladas estacionales en latitudes medias y altas.
  • Se predice que las heladas estacionales desaparecerán en gran medida en la próxima década.

Conclusiones:

  • Los procesos atmosféricos y topográficos son el probable origen del glaciar de nitrógeno Sputnik Planitia de Plutón.
  • Las simulaciones apoyan los ciclos estacionales de heladas volátiles que explican los patrones de hielo observados y las tapas polares.
  • Las heladas superficiales de Plutón exhiben cambios estacionales dinámicos.